SynthesisPre-labIntroductionThe main goal of this lab is to understand and to perform synthesis of dyes and polymers. From this, in the lab phenolphthalein, fluorescein, methyl red, nylon and slime will be created in this lab. The polymers will be created from pre-existing solutions, and mixing it with other solutions. The dyes will be created simply by mixing different reagents together shown in the table of reagents, and then heating or cooling them in the fume hoods. The use of strong acid and base is present so extra care should be taken in this lab. A polymer is a very large molecule also known as a macromolecule that is built ofmany small monomers1. They can be made from the same monomers or different monomers. A homopolymer is one that has the same monomer as in –A-A-A-A-A-A. Thevarying polymer, copolymers can be formed -A-B-A-B-A-B-. The reactivity of polymers depends on the bonds or non-carbon atoms in an organic structure. These reactivity sites are called “handles” on the molecule. In many polymerization this does not happen for the fact that two molecules with double bonds react to form the polymer. The natural world provides examples of polymers such as silk starch and cellulose. Also manmade polymers are also very important in industry and will be discussed. The one problem withthese polymers is disposability. Plastic does not decompose as well as natural products therefore there are many issues that ariseIn the science world, polymers have been very important, and still are. Some obvious examples of polymers in the real world are things like PVC pipes or nylon, but there are many more complex uses in science. There are very many different types of synthesis that can be used to created a countless number of polymers. For example, the use of sunlight to generate hyperbranched polymers is used. This concept was discovered and is cheap and efficient. In this monomers grow into macromolecules2. Also different types of latex are synthesized. New more stable latexes can be formed as shown through research in Romania3. Finally another way to synthesize polymers that has been discovered, is by microwave assisted polymers. This was is a vastly growing area in the field of science and used frequently because of the energy of heat produced. This new technique has increased the use of microwave irradiation and non-thermal effects.Table of ReagentsReagent Molar Mass(g/mol)Density(g/ml)Melting point (ºC)Boiling point (ºC)HazardsN-Dimethyllaniline121.8 .956 2 194 Skin, eye and respiratory irritant. Very hazardous if ingestedSebacyl Chloride 239.14 1.12 -2.5 428 Very harmful if swallowed,skin and eye irritantHexanediamine 216.32 .807 15-18 96 Very harmful if swallowed,skin and eye irritantRhodamine 479.02 1.26 211 N/A Harmful if swallowed, Skin and eye irritantPVA 86.09 1.19 230 228 Harmful if swallowedborax 201.22 1.73 743 1575 Eye or skin irritationPhenol 94.11 1.07 40.5 181.7 Corrosive to the skin, eyes an respiratory.Phthalic anhydride148.1 1.53 131 295 Irritation to the respiratory tractSulfuric Acid 98.08 1.84 10 337 Burns to skin. Irritation of skin, eyes, respiratory.NaOH 39.99 2.13 318 1388 Burns to skin. Irritation of skin, eyes, respiratoryResorcinol 110.1 1.28 110 277 Eye and skin irritant.Anthranilic Acid 137.14 1.41 147 200 Skin, eye, ingetion irritation.Hydrochloric acid 36.46 1.49 -114.2 -85 Irritation to skin, respiratory tract. Burns.Sodium Nitrate 68.99 2.17 271 NA Toxic. Eye, skin irritant. Ingestion is Procedure1. For a detailed procedure, look to the lab manual12. There are five main parts to this synthesis lab. The first is creation of phenolphthalein.a. Combine 0.03g of phenol anhydride with 0.03g of phthalic anhydrideb. Add 10 drops of concentrated H2SO4c. Heat in the fume hood with a Bunsen burner until bubbles stop formingd. Add 15-20 mL of 0.1M NaOH or until solution turns colorlesse. Add 1 mL of 5 M NaOH or until it turns magenta3. Fluoresceina. Combine .02g of resorcinol with .02 g of phthalic anhydride in a flaskb. Mix 10 drops of concentrated H2SO4 It should appear greenc. Heat in hoods until orange solid appearsd. Gravity filter the solid from the solutione. Add 20 mL .1 M NaOH to the filtrate and observef. Add some of the solid to 20mL of NaOH. Observe4. Methyl Reda. Dissolve 0.05g of anthralic acid in 20 mL of .5M HCl and cool to 5ºC in an ice bathb. Dissolve 0.08g NaNO2 in dH2Oc. Add NaNO2 solution to the anthralic solution drop wise over a period of timed. In the hood, add 3 drops of N, N-dimethylalniline e. Stir until red-orangef. Add NaOH to the solution until it turns yellow again5. Nylona. Take the prepared basic Hexane diamine and pour 20 mL of it into a small beakerb. Carefully layer the sebacyl chloride over the solution, ensuring that it stays on top of the layer of the hexane, this can be done by tilting the beakerc. Grasp the polymer with forceps near the center of the beaker and slowly pull the nylon out.d. After finishing the long strand swirl the beaker to form a blobe. Shine UV light onto the remains and the strand6. Slimea. Obtain the PVA solution and add food coloringb. Pour into a boraxReferences(1) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. An introduction to Chemical Systems in the Laboratory: Chem 203/205. 2013-2014 ed. Hayden-McNeil: Plymouth, MI, 2013.(2) Yan, J. -., Sun, J. -., You, Y. -., Wu, D. -., & Hong, C. -. (2013). Growing hyperbranched polymers using natural sunlight. Scientific Reports, 3 Retrieved from www.scopus.com(3) Donescu, D., Somoghi, R., Spataru, C. I., Manaila-Maximean, D., Panaitescu, D. M., Vasile, E., & Nistor, C. L. (2013). Hybrid polymericlatexes containing magnetite. Colloid and Polymer Science, 291(10), 2345-2358. Retrieved (4) Hoogenboom, R., & Schubert, U. S. (2007). Microwave-assisted polymer synthesis: Recent developments in a rapidly expanding field of research. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 28(4), 368-386. Retrieved