Lab TechniquesMaterials and MethodsThe procedures performed in the lab are recorded in “An Introduction to Chemical systems1”. Specifically, 25 mL of deionized (DI) water was added to 2.1g of KCl. the KCl was completely dissolved using a stirring rod in a 250 mL beaker. A quantitative transfer of the liquid occurred to a 250 Volumetric flask. Solution was poureddown a stirring rod through a funnel into the flask. Nine squirts of DI water were then used to rinse the inside of the beaker, the funnel, and the stirring rod. This was done to ensure there was no leftover solution in the beaker, in the funnel, or on the stirring rod. Next, I added DI water to the 250 mL beaker, then added 2 drops of AgCl to indicate whether the beaker was sufficiently rinsed of the KCl solution. There was no reaction with the DI therefore, all of the solution was properly rinsed. Next I added water to fill the volumetric flask up to 250 mL. Next a Volumetric pipet was used to transfer 30 mL ofsolution to an Erlenmeyer flask. ResultsThe KCl was found to have a mass of 2.1g (Table 1). The amount of DI water used in the first solution was found to be 25 mL. In the second solution, the amount of DIwater used was 250 mL (Table 1). Table 1 also shows the Moles of KCl, the Volume of water in Liters, and the molarity of the solution. Table 1: Mass (g) of KCl, Moles KCl, Volume H2O (L), and Molarity Sol’n (M)Solution KCl (g) Moles KCl Volume DI water (L) Molarity Sol’n (M)First Sol’n 2.1 g .028 mol .025 L 1.1 MSecond Sol’n 2.1 g .028 mol .25 L .11 M2To determine the Moles of KCl used, the following calculations were used.The molar mass of KCl was determined to be 74.55g/mol.2. 1 grams of KCl x 1mol of KCl74 . 55 grams of KCl= . 028 moles of KCl2. 1 grams of KCl x 1mol of KCl74 . 55 grams of KCl= . 028 moles of KClThe calculations, as shown, imply that .028 moles of KCl were used. The following calculations show a sample calculation for the molarity of the first solution(Table 1). The moles of KCl were divided by the Liters of the first solution (Table 1). 028 mol KCl. 025 L Solution=1 .1 M KClError AnalysisNo mathematical Error Analysis was needed for this lab.DiscussionThe lab techniques needed to complete future labs were presented in this experiment. All procedures in this lab led the student to familiarize themselves with the lab equipment and overall lab techniques. Some techniques were highlighted in this lab. The ability to mass an object effectively is an important part of any lab procedure. The ability to measure water in a graduated cylinder at the meniscus will be used very much in upcoming labs and is it is important for students to know how to perform this procedure. The ability to use volumetric glassware is very important because it is unfamiliar to many students and glassware is fragile so it is important to know how to usethis before the intense lab experiments. Also the ability to quantitatively transfer liquids is3one of the most important techniques to master in this lab, and it was presented in many ways. Although this lab was not very exerting or extensive, the indeterminate error in this lab could have skewed the results in some ways. The indeterminate error is a small deviation from the actual value of something measured. For example this is not a student misreading a scale, this is a scale misreading the amount of mass on the scale. One sourceof this indeterminate error could have occurred when massing the KCl, or the measuring of the DI water in the graduated cylinder. Different people could have read the place at which the meniscus was, causing a different end result. These are unavoidable errors that could have changed the results of the lab. The concept of understanding lab procedures in this experiment was critical. Also moles and molarity are very critical concepts, and are used in almost all of chemistry. It isthe basis of all chemistry classes and knowing how to calculate and use them experimentally is very important. For example, moles are used in the ideal gas formula, spectroscopy, pH calculations, and many other areas. Molarity is also used in many areas and the ability to perform a lab using volumetric glassware is important for all labs. This lab was a success. I learned the importance of care being taken in labs. I learned this from rinsing the beaker out and making sure it was completely clear of all KCl ions. I also learned how to use volumetric glassware, which is essential in all of chemistry labs. To go along with volumetric glassware I learned how to dilute solutions with a buret pipet to accurately add a certain amount of solution to another solution. All of these are critical in all of Chemistry.4References(1) An Introduction to Chemical Systems in the Laboratory. Stipes, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign.