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UIUC CHEM 203 - Separation and Identification of a Series of Cations

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Separation and Identification of a Series of CationsPrelabIntroduction:The process of Identifying and separating cations is very important in the world ofscience. 1 Different means have been taken to identify these cations and separate them from the mixture. This is common in determination of inorganic chemicals such as in liquid wastes2. Some specific areas have used this to cure liquid wastes like in acid mine drainage like in a coal mine. Water pollution from these mines is very hazardous and the separation of these cations is necessary.3 Because of this, the cations are separated in many ways like by neutralization and precipitation of heavy metals. Also the detection can be used to prepare solutions. One of these solutions that can be prepared by this method is Nickel hexacyanoferrate4. In this lab we will be performing many different reactions to qualitatively identifychemical properties of the ions in each reaction. Then the goal will be to develop a scheme for separating and identifying these ions we have determined5. Some of the following are example reactions of the ones that will take place in the lab: Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)  PbCl2(s) (Standard Test)Ag+ + CO32+:  Ag2O (Behavior in Carbonate Solution)Al + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (Ammonia test)These are just three of the 110 combinations that will take place. Some of these will combinations will cause no reaction, but many will precipitate. We will have to determine the properties of these cations by many different tests. There are Amphoteric where the reactions have both basic and acidic properties. There are tests that show behavior in ammonia in aqueous solutions. This behavior shows that it is a weak base. There are tests that show the behavior with a sulfide ion. Many metals form precipitates with this ion. There are tests to show the behavior of carbonate and phosphate solutions. They both act as weak bases. There tests that include standard ion tests which will be performed in a well plate. There will also be ammonia tests. These will be done with none of the other tests in the wells. There will be sulfide tests performed which will be performed under a fume hood because of the smell. There will be acidic sulfide tests which is done in the fume hood also and in a clean well plate. Lastly there will be confirmatory tests to show the ion precipitates and complex ions. 2Materials and Methods: The first step Table 1: Table of reactions to be Performed in the LabPb+Ba+Bi=Fe+Mn2+Ag+Cu2+Ni2+Zn2=Al3=3 M HCl3M H2SO40.1 M Na2PO40.1 M Na2CO30.1 M K2CrO43 M NaOH19 M NaOH3 M NH3(aq) or NH4OH15 M NH3 or NH4OHOH-/H2SH+/H2SThis is Table 6-1 in An Introduction to Chemical Systems on page 525References:(1) Milman, B.M.; Alfassi, Z.B.; Detection and Identification of Cations and Anions of Ionic Liquids by Means of Electrospray Ionization mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 2005.11.1(2) Ni,, M.-J.; Cen, K-F.; Determination of Inorganic Cations in High Concentration Organic Liquid Wastes by Ion Chromatography. Jiliang Xuebao/Acta Metrologica Sinica. 2007. 28.2(3) Buzzi, D.C.; Viegas, L.S.; Silvas.; F.P.C. Espinosa, D.C.R.; Schneider. I.A.H.; Bernardes, A.M.; Tenório, J.A.S.; Ma, J.-Y.; Hong, X.P.; Ma, Z.-Y., Yan, J.-H.; Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by electrodialysis. 2011.1.(4) Lee. J.H.; Hwang, Y.G.; Preparation of nickel hexacyanoferrate ion exchanger for electrochemical separation of cations. Applied Chemistry for engineering. 2010.21.1(5) An Introduction to Chemical Systems in the Laboratory. Hayden-McNeil. University of Illinois Department of Chemistry. 2013.3Questions to


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