PHIL 200 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Syllabus and Course Overview Outline of Current Lecture II Logic and Argument A Definition of logic and argument B How to determine a good vs bad argument III Statements and Premises A Definition of statement and premises B Example of premise IV Types of Arguments A Definition of deductive argument inductive argument and valid argument Current Lecture A LITTLE BIT OF LOGICII Logic and Argument Logic An organized body of knowledge science for separating the good arguments from the bad Argument A set of statements where one or more support some other statement Argument vs Verbal Dispute Arguments are a group of statements that have support reasons and evidence to believe or hold the statement A verbal Dispute for example would be fighting with a roommate or family member where reasons for an argument do not exist Good Argument vs Bad Argument A set where the supporting statements do in fact support the concluding statement is a good argument Those sets where the supporting statements do not actually support the concluding statement are reasons not to believe hold it are bad arguments These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III Statements and Premises Statements a sentence that is true or false Ex Arkansas starting quarterback is Brandon Allen Ex that is false Ouch Yes Statement cannot be proven true Premises P Provide support in the argument Indicators are since because for Ex P1 All whiskeys are gross P2 This thing I m drinking is a whiskey Conclusion so this thing I m drinking is gross Ex Women of the working class especially wage workers should not have more than two children at most The average working man can support no more and the average working woman can take care of no more in decent fashion P1 The average working woman can take care of no more than two in decent fashion P2 The average working man cannot support more than two children Conclusion Women of the working class shouldn t have more than two children IV Types of Arguments Deductive where the arguer claims it s IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false given the truth of the premises Ex All ancient forests are sources of water Some ancient forests are targets of the timber industry Therefore some sources of wonder are targets of the timber industry This is deductive because it s not possible for the conclusion to be false Inductive where the arguer claims it s IMPROBABLE that the conclusion is false given the truth of the premises Ex You left the steak on the grill for two days Therefore it will be overcooked the steak could be ginormous taking longer to cook Claims leaving the possibility for the arguer to be wrong Valid Argument A deductive argument where it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if all of the premises are all true
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