PHIL 2003C 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Syllabus and Course Overview Outline of Current Lecture II. Logic and ArgumentA. Definition of logic and argumentB. How to determine a good vs. bad argumentIII.Statements and PremisesA.Definition of statement and premises B.Example of premiseIV. Types of ArgumentsA. Definition of deductive argument, inductive argument, and valid argumentCurrent Lecture-A LITTLE BIT OF LOGIC-II: Logic and ArgumentLogic: An organized body of knowledge (science) for separating the good arguments from the badArgument: A set of statements where one or more support some other statementArgument vs. Verbal Dispute-Arguments are a group of statements that have support (reasons and evidence to believe or hold the statement)- A verbal Dispute for example would be fighting with a roommate or family member, where reasons for an “argument” do not existGood Argument vs. Bad Argument-A set where the supporting statements do in fact support the concluding statement is a good argument- Those sets where the supporting statements do not actually support the concluding statement (are reasons not to believe/hold it) are bad arguments III: Statements and PremisesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Statements: a sentence that is true or falseEx.) Arkansas’ starting quarterback is Brandon AllenEx that is false.) Ouch! Yes. [Statement cannot be proven true]Premises (P): Provide support in the argument. Indicators are “since, because, for”Ex.) P1:All whiskeys are gross. P2: This thing I’m drinking is a whiskey Conclusion: so this thing I’m drinking is grossEx.) Women of the working class, especially wage workers, should not have more than two children at most. The average working man can support no more and the average working woman can take care of no more in decent fashion. P1: The average working woman can take care of no more than two in decent fashionP2: The average working man cannot support more than two childrenConclusion: Women of the working class shouldn’t have more than two childrenIV: Types of ArgumentsDeductive: where the arguer claims it’s IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false given the truth of the premises. Ex.) All ancient forests are sources of water. Some ancient forests are targets of the timber industry. Therefore, some sources of wonder are targets of the timber industry[This is deductive because it’s not possible for the conclusion to be false]Inductive: where the arguer claims it’s IMPROBABLE that the conclusion is false given the truth of the premisesEx.) You left the steak on the grill for two days. Therefore it will be overcooked [the steak could be ginormous taking longer to cook]*Claims: leaving the possibility for the arguer to be wrongValid Argument: A deductive argument where it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if all of the premises are all