BBMB 405 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture V Handout A Four light driven changes in stroma of chloroplasts integration of light reactions with dark reactions B Crassulacean acid metabolism CAM plants desert plants C Diagram VI Quiz 1 Answers What I got VII Chapter 20 The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway A Calvin cycle synthesizes hexoses from carbon dioxide and water 1 16 B The activity of Calvin cycle depends on environmental conditions 1 16 Outline of Current Lecture VII Chapter 20 The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway C The pentose phosphate Pathway Generates NADPH and Synthesizes Five Carbon Sugars 1 21 VIII Summary of Calvin Cycle IX Handout Physiological significance of hexose monophosphate pathway pentose phosphate pathway Current Lecture VII Chapter 20 The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute C The pentose phosphate Pathway Generates NADPH and Synthesizes Five Carbon Sugars 1 Overview a Pentose phosphate pathway has two phases oxidative generation of NADPH and nonoxidative interconversion of sugar b Reaction c Takes place in cytoplasm d Diagram 2 Two molecules of NADPH are generated in conversion of glucose 6 phosphate into ribulose 5 phosphate 3 The Pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis are linked by transketolase and translaldose a Enzymes transketolase and transaldolase create reversible link between pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis by catalyzing reaction that move carbons from one molecule to another b Reaction in order i ii iii iv c Sum d Net reaction starting with ribose 5 phosphate e BeriBeri low thymine effects red blood cells transketolase activity f VIII More on this section next lecture Summary of Calvin cycle A Fixation of CO2 into Ru 1 5 bisP B Reduction of 1 3 bis PGA C Regeneration of Ru 1 5 bis P from F 6 P and GAP D Note bis means more than 1 phosphate group on carbon molecule while di means two phosphates hooked to each other then connected to carbon molecule IX Handout Physiological significance of hexose monophosphate pathway pentose phosphate pathway A Produce NADPH for reductive reactions Table 20 2 do not memorize 1 Pathways requiring NADPH 2 Synthesis fatty acid biosynthesis cholesterol biosynthesis neurotransmitter biosynthesis nucleotide biosynthesis 3 Detoxification reduction of oxidized glutathione cytochrome P450 monooxygenase B Generate pentose for DNA RNA coenzymes and nucleotides C Use of diet derived ribose 1 R ATP R 5 P ADP D Reduce peroxides 1 Glutathione GSH is reduced and ROOH is oxidized using NADPH 2 GSH glut cys gly 3 In red blood cells E Keep cys proteins as SH F Keep Hb in RBCs in Fe2 state G Respiratory burst in neutrophils H Heme Biliverdin bile pigments 1 Degrade red blood cells 2 Heme to biopigments using NADPH 3 Note will go through this is detail later I Hydroxylation reaction eg cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1 RH O2 NADPH H ROH H2O NADP 2 Possibilities of R Tryptamin to 5 Hydroxytryptamine serotonin proline to hydroxyproline make cologne from 404 dopamine to norepinephrine neurotransmitter production J Photosynthesis 1 Ru 1 5 BP CO2 2GAP G 3 P
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