CHEM 210 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Why Study Chemistry?II. The Scientific MethodOutline of Current Lecture III. MatterA. Definition of matter and phases of matter.IV. Compounds vs. ElementsV. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures VI. Physical and Chemical PropertiesVII. EnergyCurrent LectureMatter is anything that has mass and takes up space. There are three phases of matter that include liquids, gasses, and solids. A liquid has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape. A gas has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume, which means it takes the shape of both its container and volume. A solid has both a definite shape and definite volume making it rigid. Matter that only has one kind of atom is known as an element. An element is a pure substance that naturally occurs in nature. Examples of these are the elements listed in the periodic table such as carbon and nitrogen. A compound is formed by two or more elements combining. For example, water is a compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A mixture is composed of two or more substances. A substance is pure form of matter where every sample contains the same kinds of atoms in the same proportions. Water is an example of this, where there are 2 weighted atoms of hydrogen to every 16 weighted atom of oxygen. Mixtures can then be classified as either heterogeneous or homogenous. Heterogeneous mixtures are where the particles remain separate and you can distinguish each substance. An example is a bowl of cereal where you can separate the milk and cereal quite easily. A homogenous mixture is uniform throughout and mixes so well, where the substances cannot be separated or distinguished. An example of this is chocolate milk. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Properties are characteristics that give each substance a unique identity. Properties can be divided as either physical or chemical. Physical properties include color, melting point, boiling point and density. Chemical properties include flammability, corrosiveness or anything that changed the chemical makeup of the substance. Types of physical properties are extensive and intensive. Extensive physical properties depend on the amount of matter present such as volume or mass. Intensive physical properties do not depend on the amount of matter presentand are instead color, melting point and boiling point. Energy is the capacity to do work. The two main types of energy are potential and kinetic. Potential energy is due to the position of the object or energy from a chemical reaction.It is stored energy and an example is a person standing motionless. They have the potential to use their energy, however have not yet used it. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. If the person began walking or running, they would be in motion and therefore would be classified as kinetic energy. Both can be interconverted which leads me to the concept of gravitational energy. Gravitational energyis potential energy gained when a lifted weight is converted to kinetic energy as the weight