CHEM 210 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Calculating Components of IsotopesII. Calculating Atomic Mass of an ElementIII. Ionic CompoundsOutline of Current Lecture IV. Covalent BondsV. Different Types of Chemistry FormulasVI. Naming CompoundsCurrent LectureCovalent bonds form when elements share electrons, which usually occurs between nonmetals. This is different from ionic compounds in that the electrons are shared, rather than gained or lost, and the bonding occurs between nonmetals, rather than a metal and a nonmetal.For example, CH4 or methane, can be made by carbon sharing its four electrons with hydrogen to satisfy the octet rule, while each of the hydrogen atoms share its electrons to fulfill its octet. There are different types of formulas that can be made in chemistry. A chemical formulais basically a neutral molecule. It is composed of element symbols and numerical subscripts that show the type and number of each atom present in the smallest unit of the substance. An empirical formula on the other hand indicates the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound. This is the simplest type of formula. A structural formula shows the number of atoms and the bonds between them, that is, the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule. For example, the structural formula for hydrogen peroxide is H-O-O-H. This shows there are two oxygen atoms bonded to two hydrogen atoms.Learning the names of compounds as well as how to name them is a vital part in chemistry. The name always begins with the cation, and ends with the anion. A cation has a positive charge and it occurs when an element gains an electron. An anion on the other hand asa negative charge and occurs when an element loses an electron. Cations are typically the These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.elemental name, such as hydrogen and lithium. Anions however, end in ide, such as hydride or chloride. Transition metals are special cases where roman symbols are associated with the formula and naming. Copper (I) is called cuprous while copper (II) is called cupric. Iron (II) is given the name ferrous and iron (III) is called ferric. Tin (II) is stannous and tin (IV) is stannic. For example, you can have a chemical formula that is tin (II)
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