4/22 Biological anthropology- Miracle Mile-idea that individuals could run a 4 minute mile- Archaic Homo sapienso Forms that post date erectuso 500,000 YA-30,000 YA in the Old Worldo larger brains (1000c), large brow ridges, teeth and jawso Neandertals-version of Archaic almost only in Europe and W Asiao Remains found in caves siteso So distinct they needed their own species name?o Homo neanderthalensis?o 250,000-30,000 YA in Europe and the Near Easto large nose, midface prognathismo cold adapted craniofacial morphologyo brain 1500 cco specialized for the Pleistocene Ice Ageo robust skeleton, strong, short and stocky build, hyperpolar body postcranial form- 1856 first fossils found in Germany, Feldhoffer Cave site o La Chapelle aux Saints, France 1908o La Ferrasie Neandertal 1909-1921o Caves of Mt Carmel 1930s-1940s, Israelo Shanidar Cave, Iraq-10 individuals possible burial of the dead? Shanidar 1 has a different behavior, social care?- Early Modern Human Homo sapiens sapienso 90,000 YA, Qafzeho African derived traits- Neandertalo Have a retro molar space between the jaw and the third molaro Evidence of very little chino Labial-lingual rounding of teetho Parmasticatory behavior-using the mouh as a tool, processing hideso Striations on enamel portionso Wide trunks, shorter distal limb segmentso Short, stocky; robust long bones (dense cortical bone)o They have a biological adaptationo Wide rib cage and pelviso Fingertips are much longer and biggero Mousterian tool kitso Prepared core or Levallois techniqueo Flake tools and bladeso Local stones (nothing exotic)o Not just Neandertals making themo Hafting-attach a stone to a stick?o Small/medium game, lacked projectile technology-needed to get close quarter