1 UN I T 5 US & CANADA HOUSEKEEPING • 1st Hourly Exam • Feedback • Mapping assignment • Submission by 10:00pm FRIDAY, 2/21 • Guidelines, grading rubric, & example on Compass • Link to library guide on Compass • Check now to see if you can sign in & edit the maps! • Primary contact – Devon ([email protected]) • Dr. Bernazzoli’s email – use [email protected] GLOBALIZATION IN THE2 ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY • All climate types • Climate change • Fossil fuels • Large carbon footprints ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY Climate change – expected impacts • Increase in sea levels  storm surges • Temperature increases  health & agriculture • Precipitation changes  droughts • Ecosystem changes  loss of species, mutations ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY Environmental challenges • Acid rain • Air and water pollution • Superfund sites • Canadians and Americans – “insatiable appetite” • Keystone pipeline • Tar sands …changes in the Arctic3 G L O B A L C L I M A T E C H A N G E & T H E N O R T H W E S T P A S S A G E GLOBALIZATION CASE STUDY GLOBALIZATION CASE STUDY Importance of Northwest Passage: • Shortened shipping routes • Newly accessible fossil fuels & minerals • Open water for fishing = global economic and political competition GLOBALIZATION CASE STUDY 1. How do the various processes of globalization (political, economic, cultural, environmental) come together in this case study? 2. Who are the relevant actors in this scenario? How do different identities and social hierarchies come into play? 3. How are the different sides framing their arguments? 4. How do our geographic concepts (nation-state, region, place, and scale) help you to interpret this scenario? 5. What are the tensions between global forces and local identities/knowledge?1 UN I T 5 US & CANADA HOUSEKEEPING • Mapping assignment 1 • Submission by 10:00pm TONIGHT • Guidelines, grading rubric, & example on Compass • Link to library guide on Compass • Check now to see if you can sign in & edit the maps! • Primary contact – Devon ([email protected]) • Dr. Bernazzoli’s email – use [email protected] GLOBALIZATION IN THE2 ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION • “Old” economy: 1938 - ~ 1974 • Transitional period: 1975 - ~1990 • “New” economy • High-tech • Services • Science-based industries • j GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS • October 2008: failure of major financial institutions • U.S.: partial nationalization of financial institutions • Role of neoliberal economic policies, globalization of financial culture • Moderated impact in Canada – WHY? MIGRATION & DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE • Waves of immigration • U.S. • Canada • Internal migration patterns • Westward expansion • Industrialization, urbanization • The “Great Migration” • Urban to suburban migration • And back to the cities again? • Poverty in the suburbs3 CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION South Bronx, 1970s South Bronx, 2010 ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION & PLACE TRANSFORMATION Bronx, 1940s CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • Post-war flight to the suburbs – urban to suburban migration • Neighborhoods fragmented - place change over time • Decreased property values • Manufacturing jobs move out – ‘old’ to ‘new’ economy • Poor immigrants move in – international migration ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION & PLACE TRANSFORMATION CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • The history of globalization • Resistance to difficult post-colonial era: Music as counter-culture • The role of international migration • Incoming cultural influences to US: reggae, “toasting”4 CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION M.I.A. (London, UK/Sri Lanka) Edo Maajka (Brčko, Bosnia) Tunisian B-Boys Hip-Hop music -- “True” cultural globalization? Glocalized themes: place identity, politics, social change  music as resistance CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • U.S. Cultural Imperialism • “globalization” = “Americanization” ? • Canadian Cultural Nationalism • Cultural influence = bidirectional CULTURE, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • Does Western commercial cinema have a stranglehold on “indigenous” cinema? • Bollywood versus Hollywood? • Emulation or challenge? • Re-thinking the map of global cultural consumption5 TERRITORY, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • Assimilation vs. multiculturalism • Canada’s First Nations • Quebec • Globalization & self-determination • Separatism vs. multi-scalar strategies TERRITORY, POLITICS, & GLOBALIZATION • U.S. political and military influence • Social movements BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER • Inseparability of environmental, economic, political, & cultural processes of globalization • Intersection of varied processes to create new geographies of trade, political autonomy, identities, etc. • Up next: Latin America & Caribbean1 UN I T 6 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN HOUSEKEEPING IMPORTANT CHANGES! 1. Dr. B.’s new office hours: Wednesdays 2:00 – 5:00pm, or by appointment 2. Mapping Assignment #2: Deadline moved to Monday, March 3, 10:00pm  Mapping Assignment #3 deadline remains Friday, March 7, 10:00pm GLOBALIZATION IN THE2 LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: OVERVIEW • 30 independent countries • Average life expectancy: 73 (US & Can – 78) • GDP PPP: 10,345 (US & Can – 41,886 • CO2 emission per capita : 3.2 (US & Can – 20.3) • US foreign policy toward L. America • Role of multinationals (e.g., United Fruit Co.) • Lasting environmental and economic outcomes FROM US & CANADA TO LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY • Altitudinal zonation3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY • Altitudinal zonation and climate change • Venezuelan Andes: Rise of snowline since 1885 • Shifts in vegetation belts • Disruption of human-environment ‘equilibrium’ • Potential for positive impacts? • Strategies for mitigation? ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY • Climatic hazards & climate change • Andean glaciers • Hurricane Mitch (1998) ENVIRONMENT & SOCIETY Mayan, Incan, and Aztec adaptations • Environmental degradation and social collapse • Slash-and-burn agriculture • “Pristine myth”4 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY • Deforestation • The Green Revolution • Market Solutions for Conservation ENVIRONMENT