Sex Levels of sex differences 1 Genetic Male Female XY XX XXY XYY XXX XO Turner s syndrome Y X 2 Morphology gonads Testes sperm Ovaries eggs Testosterone T Estrogen E and Progesterone P androgen Steroids T E P T E 3 Pituitary output LH luteinizing hormone FSH follicle stimulating hormone Male LH testes T FSH T testes sperm Pituitary output cont Female Cycle Estrous or menstrual FSH E P ovaries egg FSH LH E E P Start over FSH Menopause FSH E E LH P ovulation 4 Behavior Female lordosis posture darting hopping E P Male mounting intromission ejaculation T Estrous cycle need E P Menstrual cycle no hormone requirements some primates pheromones Development Gonads neutral ovaries Y chromosome SRY gene testes testes T T surge 2nd trimester peak 3rd trimester and after birth prenatal T external genitalia internal genitalia hypothalamus low T External genitalia Internal Genitalia Both sexes start with both duct systems Male Wolffian ducts prostate seminal vesicles vas deferens need T Female Mullerian ducts fallopian tubes uterus upper vagina Mullerian inhibiting hormone on Y chromosome Sexual Behavior development adulthood Male T T Female Estrous E P Menstrual organizational activational How do we know Rat 22 days of gestation T secretion 17 18 day of gestation 10 postnatal Rats day 1 remove testes XY adulthood T no sex E P lordosis day 1 give T to XX remove ovaries optional adulthood E P no sex T mounting prenatal T from embryonic days 18 22 day 1 give T to XX adulthood E P no sex T mount intromit and ejaculate
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