Jails:What is a jail?Locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after convictionUsually sentenced to a year or lessHow many jails are in America?3365Total Admission – how many people walk in on January 1st – December 31st. Doesn’t give us a good idea of a daily countAverage daily population – every day take that daily count and divide by 3365Hold the mentally ill – can sometimes be put in jail until a bed space opens up in a mental institutionProtective custody – who have provided testimony or awaiting to be transferred to your new identity for their own safetyHold persons for militaryHold witnesses for court – don’t show up for court and they find you – they can hold you to guarantee you will show for court“Rabble Management” – troublesome populations – temporary solutions to minor problems (homeless people/disorderly conduct/ urinating in public…etc. and locks them up for a day or two)Jail Inmates: *know jail population they make up about the same population T/F violent criminals make up about majority of the inmate population = FALSE, they are all about 25%24.7% drug25.4% violent24.4% property24.9% public order2011 midyear: 749,000 jail inmatesTypes of Jails:Federal Jails:House inmates awaiting trial or those serving misdemeanor charges (<1 year)Pay local jails a fee to house inmatesCity and County Jails: most commonManaged by local sheriffLargest: Riker’s Island (NYC) / 2nd largest Orange County, LA / 3rd largest Kook county, ChicagoOverall, jails operate at 84% capacity (2011 BJS)Municipal Jails:Convictions for city ordinancesOn the decline due to regulationsNative American Country Jails:NAs sentenced by a NA court, max sentence is 1 year2010: 2119 inmates in 75 facilities – majority located in ArizonaIf they commit a federal crime or a larger crime – they would go to a federal prisonPay-to-Stay Jails:Alternative to county jailsOffenders offered privileges for a feeMinor offenses$75 to $127 per dayMajority of these facilities are in CaliforniaPetition to the court during sentenceFullerton jail in California:$100 first 2 days, $75 each day afterCell phone, pillow, blanket, books from homeArguments for:People have committed relatively minor crimesNot hardened criminals so they shouldn’t be put with that populationSaves money because you are paying to stay – save the system some money and tax payersProbably not going to be victimizedEliminates over crowdedHave to argue why you should be able to get this serviceArguments against:Is this really a punishment?Is it really a jail sentence?Are you going to learn your lesson if you get to spend it like this?Not really an incentive to not commit a crime againIs it fair that because you make more money you get better living conditions? Supposed to be fair and equal treatment across the boardProblems with Jails:Intake and classification:Quick intake process (little information)Inmates classified by current offenseTreatment programming:Almost all inmates need some program (GED, AA, Substance abuse, mental help)Obstacles to jail programming - $ will go to security over programmingOvercrowding:Overall, operate 5% underMany large jails operate over capacityTensions are high and can lead to further problemsFunding:More inmates, same budgetsAll funding went to prisonsProfessionalism of Staff:Corrections in CJS – lower on the totem pole because you don’t even have to have a GED, have be able to drive and be 21 – so you don’t have a professional staffJails in correctionsPrisons:History of Corrections:Early Codes and Punishments:Retribution, getting evenCode of HammurabiEye for an eyeTen CommandmentsMedieval Corrections:Corporal punishment and tortureDraw and quarter – hang you until you’re almost dead and then slice you and pull out all your organs. Then 4 horses tied to one of your limbs and they pull you apartTrial by ordeal – drown witches if you survived you’re a witch and you would be killed anyway and if you drowned you weren’t a witch but still deadThe rack – stretch you until your bones breakPublic shamingStocks – everyone knows that you committed a crimeConfinement for moral correctionsConfined to a ship forever17th and 18th Century:Banishment – not allowed in this society anymoreTransportation – take them to new lands (England brought their people here to work or to Australia)Hulks – mobile prisonsWorkhorses20th and 21st Century:Rehabilitation movementReintegration and community correctionsJust DessertsWhere we are today – public order and safety are the main concernState Prison Systems:Half of them are full of violent offendersMajority of are state inmates are violent offenders **1.61 million inmates – majority are state inmates **Growth of violent offenders…why?Longer sentencesDrug offenders to federal system53% violent19% property18% drug9% public orderFederal Prisons:2012: 217,000 inmates118 federal prisons51% violent35% public order – terrorists, immigration violators, if you have a firearm and you’re not supposed to8% violent6% propertyTexas has 126 prisonsSC has 33 institutionsRhode Island has around 8CRJU 101 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. FBI Agent Outline of Current Lecture II. What is a jail?III. How many jails are in America?IV. Purposes of Jails in AmericaV. Jail InmatesVI. Types of Jailsa. Federal b. City and county c. Municipal d. Native AmericanVII. Pay-to-Stay JailsVIII.Problems with JailsIX. PrisonsX. History of Correctionsa. Early codes and punishmentsb. Medieval correctionsc. 17th and 18th centuryd. 20th and 21st centuryXI. State Prison SystemsXII. Federal PrisonsCurrent Lecture  Jails: What is a jail?- Locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after conviction- Usually sentenced to a year or lessHow many jails are in America?- 3365- Total Admission – how many people walk in on January 1st – December 31st. Doesn’t give us agood idea of a daily count- Average daily population – every day take that daily count and divide by 3365- Hold the mentally ill – can sometimes be put in jail until a bed space opens up in a mental institution - Protective custody – who have provided testimony or awaiting to be transferred to your newidentity for their own safety These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Hold persons for