LECTURE 2 3 11 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS F03 INSTRUCTOR Professor Christine Ortiz OFFICE 13 4022 PHONE 452 3084 WWW http web mit edu cortiz www Normal Stress And Strain Definitions Hooke s Law Linear Elasticity in 1 Dimension Normal Stress e g uniaxial loading Ao F F Normal Strain e g uniaxial loading Lo L P Robert Hooke 1635 1703 earthquakes Micrographia microscopist insects fossils astronomym gravity planetary motion optics theory of light and color geometry painter clock maker physics of springs capillary action concerning those properties of gravity which I myself first discovered and showed to this Society and years since which of late Mr Newton has done me the favour to print and publish as his own inventions 1690 Transcripts of Lecture to Royal Society Robert Hooke 1635 1703 Linear Elasticity Hooke s Laws spring Lo k L P k P E Elasticity P Lo I apply load L P II remove load Lo Young s Modulus For Various Materials GPa CERAMICS GLASSES AND SEMICONDUCTORS Diamond C 1000 Tungsten Carbide WC 450 650 Silicon Carbide SiC 450 390 Aluminum Oxide Al2O3 Berylium Oxide BeO 380 Magnesium Oxide MgO 250 Zirconium Oxide ZrO 160 241 145 Mullite Al6Si2O13 Silicon Si 107 94 Silica glass SiO2 Soda lime glass Na2O SiO2 69 METALS Tungsten W Chromium Cr Berylium Be Nickel Ni Iron Fe Low Alloy Steels Stainless Steels Cast Irons Copper Cu Titanium Ti Brasses and Bronzes Aluminum Al 406 289 200 289 214 196 200 207 190 200 170 190 124 116 103 124 69 PINE WOOD along grain POLYMERS Polyimides Polyesters Nylon Polystryene Polyethylene Rubbers Biological Tissues 3 5 1 5 2 4 3 3 4 0 2 0 7 0 01 0 1 10 Synthetic Vascular Grafts or Prosthesis prosthetic tube that acts either a permanent or resorbable artificial replacement for a segment of a damaged blood vessel e g from athersclerosis aneurysms organ transplant cancer arteriovenous fistula diabetes 200 million market worldwide http www atriummedical com Stress Shielding in Bone Implant Materials Poisson s Ratio uniaxial loading y y x P z z x Lo
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