Current LectureAnthropology is a way of seeing the world. It encourages us to imagine an alternative way of lifeThree important dimensionsHolism – kinds of questions anthropologists ask and the data they collectEx. Relationship between the Individual and societyDramaturgical view – we all have multiple identities and personalities so our behavior changes based on the situation (party vs. work)Ex. In Bali dramaturgical view is very important. Notion called lek – life is kind of a performance and a matter of etiquette so never let your politeness slip off, do not reveal true feelings , remain poised and calm. Lek is when this etiquette disappears and you reveal something you didn’t intend to.Ex. Naming in Bali:Birth order names (1-7) then repeatsPersonal names – private, not usedKinship terms – brother, aunt, cousin – used a lotStatus names – hierarchy in society, varies by familyTekonyms – acquired after birth of child (father of …)Human naturePeople are people – treat everyone the equallyEssence to being human is natural and unchangingHomo economicus – your choices are motivated by earning higher economic standingVs. Kula valuables in Trobriand islands, Papua New Guinea – traded shell bracelets and coral necklaces were exchanged. Only could exchange one for another, no monetary system involved. Names were attached to the jewelry so name traveled, a way to gain fame.CultureCulture “completes” human beings, that which makes us humanLearned behavior – what we learn from our peers, not inheritCustoms and traditionsTwo approaches to anthropology:1. EvolutionaryAdaptationGenetic adaptation – over long periods of time the genetic change of people-Ex. People living in high altitude who’s ability to breathe adapts to environmentDevelopmental plasticity – if you grow up in the environment, they will adapt themselvesShort term psychological adaptation – adapt immediately to changes- ex. Hyperventilating at high altitudesCultural responses – short term, certain cultures take part in activities to help themselves adapt – ex. Wearing a coat, central heating, drinking tea (England)Human adaptation is bioculturalMaterialist – evolutionary approach focuses on materials and humans2. InterpretiveSearch for meaningIdealist – interpretive approach focuses on ideasSub disciplines of anthropologyBiological anthropologyprimatology – study of primates and how they are similar to humansevolutionary anthropology – human evolutionpaleontology – bones and remainsgenetics – genes, DNAhuman biology – disease, growth, developmentforensic anthropology – age, gender, background, and cause of death discoverable from skeletonArcheologylooks at remains of past societiesgreater time depth to our understandingcorrective history – find out the truth, how did people live? How did the first cities arrive? Origins of agriculture?Diachronic perspective – view over timeCultural anthropologyInterpretiveEthnography – looks at society and collects dataEthnology (comparative) – analyzes the data from ethnographyApplied anthropologyTake the theoretical field and try to use it in practical manner, solve problemsLinguistic anthropologyHuman adaptation – relationship between development of human brain and languageSocio-linguistics – study of dialects - can indicate regional identity or classHistorical linguistics – how language changes over timeEx. Pidgin – emerges when people don’t have a native tongue, borrow words from a language and simplifyLecture 1 ANTHRCUL 101Outline of Current Lecture I. What is Anthropology?1. Holism2. Human Nature3. CultureII. Approaches to anthropology1. Evolutionary2. InterpretiveIII. Sub-disciplines of Anthropology1. Biological anthropology2. Archeology3. Cultural anthropology4. Applied anthropology5. Linguistic anthropologyCurrent LectureAnthropology is a way of seeing the world. It encourages us to imagine an alternative way of life Three important dimensions- Holism – kinds of questions anthropologists ask and the data they collecto Ex. Relationship between the Individual and society o Dramaturgical view – we all have multiple identities and personalities so our behavior changes based on the situation (party vs. work) Ex. In Bali dramaturgical view is very important. Notion called lek – lifeis kind of a performance and a matter of etiquette so never let your politeness slip off, do not reveal true feelings , remain poised and calm. Lek is when this etiquette disappears and you reveal something you didn’t intend to.  Ex. Naming in Bali:  Birth order names (1-7) then repeats Personal names – private, not used Kinship terms – brother, aunt, cousin – used a lot Status names – hierarchy in society, varies by family Tekonyms – acquired after birth of child (father of …)- Human natureo People are people – treat everyone the equallyo Essence to being human is natural and unchanging o Homo economicus – your choices are motivated by earning higher economic standing o Vs. Kula valuables in Trobriand islands, Papua New Guinea – traded shell bracelets and coral necklaces were exchanged. Only could exchange one for another, no monetary system involved. Names were attached to the jewelry so name traveled, a way to gain fame. - Cultureo Culture “completes” human beings, that which makes us humano Learned behavior – what we learn from our peers, not inherito Customs and traditions Two approaches to anthropology:1. Evolutionaryo Adaptation- Genetic adaptation – over long periods of time the genetic change of people -Ex. People living in high altitude who’s ability to breathe adapts toenvironment - Developmental plasticity – if you grow up in the environment, they will adapt themselves- Short term psychological adaptation – adapt immediately to changes - ex. Hyperventilating at high altitudes- Cultural responses – short term, certain cultures take part in activities to help themselves adapt – ex. Wearing a coat, central heating, drinking tea (England) - Human adaptation is biocultural - Materialist – evolutionary approach focuses on materials and humans2. Interpretiveo Search for meaning o Idealist – interpretive approach focuses on ideas  Sub disciplines of anthropology- Biological anthropologyo primatology – study of primates and how they are similar to humans o evolutionary anthropology – human evolution