BIOL 152 9thEdition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Progressing Towards PlantsII. Green Algal AncestorsIII. Necessary Adaptations for Life on LandOutline of Current Lecture I. Byrophytes: Key InnovatorsII. Stem AnatomyIII. Seedless Vascular PlantsIV. Evolutionary ChangesV. FernsVI. Evolutionary InnovationsCurrent LectureI. Bryophytes: Key Innovators- Sporophyte evolution ( the plant that produces spores)o Embryo phaseo Dependency on the gametophyte o Advantages Protection from desiccation (doesn’t have to photosynthesize) Increased spore production- Stoma/pores and cuticleo How did a waxy cuticle evolve? Mutation in gene somewhere Evolutionary advantage -> protected from drying out - Disadvantage: cuticle prevents CO2 from coming inII. Stem Anatomy- Conducting tissueo Hydroids: translocation of watero Leptoids: sugar movement III. Seedless Vascular Plants- How are these different from Bryophytes?o Doesn’t produce seedso Has vascularized tissues These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Evolutionary Changes- Microphyllso 410 million yrs agoo Single veino Lycophytes (club moss is not Moss)V. Ferns (Phylum Pterophyta)- Dominant sporophyteo Rhizome (underground stem)o Fronds (megaphylls) Photosynthesis Reproduction VI. Evolutionary Innovations- True stems- Vascular tissueo Xylem (dead) Water, minerals Tracheids Lignino Phloem Sugar- Long-lived dominant