BIOL 152 9thEdition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Life on EarthII. The First CellsIII. Classifying Life Outline of Current Lecture I. Morphological and Molecular HomologiesII. Sorting Homology from AnalogyIII. Evaluating Molecular Homologies Current Lecture26.2 Phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data. - Phylogenies built using homologies ino Morphologies o Geneso BiochemistryI. Morphological and Molecular Homologieso Similarities due to shared ancestry = homologies  Can inform relatednesso “basic ingredients” what was there?o Mutations that are selected lead to…II. Sorting Homology from Analogyo Analogy is a similarity due to convergent evolution Similar selective pressureso Homoplasy = analogous structures or molecular sequences that evolved independently  Check fossil record to determine homologies or homoplasies  The more complex the more likely it is homologous III. Evaluating Molecular Homologies o Statistics  Help evaluate relatedness  Examine different DNA segments and determines homology or homoplasy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Molecular systematics: uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary relationships. 26.6 New Information continues to revise our understanding of the tree of life- Later – 5 Kingdoms (Still “relevant” Anamalia, Plantae, Fungi) - Currently 3 Domains:o Bacteriao Archaeao Eukarya - A simple tree of all lifeo The tree of life: Eukaryotes and archaea more related to each other than to bacteriao Tree of life built using? rRNA genes = highly conserved- Horizontal gene transfer – complicates efforts to build a tree of life- Is the tree of life really a ring?o Some researchers suggest that eukaryotes arose as a fusion between a bacteriumand archaean o If so, early evolutionary relationships might be better depicted by a ring of life instead of a tree of