BIOL 152 9th Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture Natural Selection- Adaptive/Adaptations- SpeciationCurrent LectureI. Adaptive/Adaptations- Have to adapt to new environments over time- Promotes organism’s survival in natural habitat- Those that survive and reproduce are better adapted (Darwin)o The best adapted survive to leave the most offspringII. Speciation:- Evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.- Requires selective matingIII. Evolution- Change in allele frequency/time- Supported by an overwhelming amount of specific evidenceo Direct observations: A different selection process -> new food sourceo Homology: Similarity resulting from common ancestry  Structural theme repeatedo Analogy: Similarity in function - Comparative embryology reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms- Vestigial structures: remnants of features important to ancestral species- At the molecular level-genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor IV. HOMOLOGY and “Tree Thinking” – support 2- Evolutionary trees hypotheses about relationships among different groupso Can also use anatomical or DNA sequence data- Similarities do not necessarily mean relatedness- Convergent Evolution: evolution of analogous features in distantly related groupso due to similar environmentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. THE FOSSIL RECORD – support 3 (Cuvier)- Provides evidence of:o The extinction of species o The origin of new groups Transitionso Changes within groups/timeVI. BIOGEOGRAPHY – support 4o Geographic distribution of species- Pangaea: separated by continental drif- Can predict when and where different groups evolved when we understand:o Continental movemento Modern distribution of species- Endemic Specieso Not found anywhere else in the worldo Islands and mainland - What’s theoretical about Darwin’s view of life?o Evolution by natural selection Common thread in all of biology Stimulates many new research