Architecture EECS 122 Network Architecture Introduction Issues Introduction Layering Example Internet Layers First Look Layering Step by Step Downside of Layering Interconnecting Networks The Internet Inter operability Extensibility Applications Technologies Scalability Internet Solution Layered Architecture End to End Principle Hierachical Addressing Naming TOC Architecture TOC Architecture Layer Example Layer Example Prof A Prof B Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample Please fax letter to Prof B Urgent SECRETARY John COVER To Prof B Fr Prof A Urgent Introduction Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample Here is a letter from Prof A SECRETARY Mary Prof A Please fax letter to Prof B Urgent INTERFACE SECRETARY FUNCTIONS John TOC Architecture Layer Example Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample SECRETARY John SECRETARY Mary COVER To Prof B Fr Prof A Urgent Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample SECRETARY Mary SERVICE FAX FAX SYSTEM TOC Architecture Layer Example Layer Example Prof B SERVICE SECY COVER To Prof B Fr Prof A Urgent Here is a letter from Prof A HEADER FAX SYSTEM Prof A Prof B Here is my review of paper 554 I believe its main result is wrong Here is a counterexample Internet Layers Intro Secretaries implement functions that transform a simple service into a more complex one E g add MULTIPLEXING They follow rules of communication PROTOCOL They use the header as control information Note Encapsulation adding header and Decapsulation removing header Browsing Services Names Examples Specifications Encapsulation Functions FAX SYSTEM TOC Architecture Layer Example TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro 1 Architecture EECS 122 Browsing Name IP Address Connect Get Close Supervise Connection Forward Packets Across Many Links Transmit Packets on Each Link Transmit Bits on Each Medium 5 R 4 DSN Servers End hosts 5 End hosts 4 Routers 3 Link LAN 2 Transceivers 1 Application 5 Connection 4 Packets End to End 3 R Packets 2 3 2 1 Services Bits 1 H Signals H TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Browsing TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Names Examples Application Application Application 5 5 Connection 4 Services Application DNS HTTP TFTP RTP Transport TCP UDP Network IP ATM Link Ethernet ADSL Physical Fiber 1Gbps Cat5 100Mbps Wireless SONET Connection Packets End to End 3 Packets 2 Bits Transport 4 Network 3 Link 2 Physical 1 Packets End to End Packets Bits 1 Signals Signals TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Names TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Specifications Examples Encapsulation N 1 N 1 Data Unit that N Delivers N N N 1 Header Control Info of N Interfaces Formats Functions Service Provided Typically State Machine TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Specification H N 1 TOC Architecture Internet Layers Intro Examples of H Addresses Error Control Codes Framing Delimiters Encapsulation 2 Architecture EECS 122 Functions TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step APP Set Up Connections Presentation TRAN Multiplexing Flow Control Congestion Control NET Global Addressing Routing Forwarding LINK Framing Error Coding Local Addressing Switching PHY Modulation Demodulation Internet Layers Intro Functions Physical Data Link Network Transport Application DNS TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Physical Physical In the beginning were two computers Physical Medium Virtual Bit Pipe 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Example Manchester Encoding Synchronous unreliable bit pipe RS232 C Interface Modem Interface wires TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Physical Asynchronous reliable bit pipe Physical Interface Synchronous unreliable bit pipe Bit Stream FH Data Data Link Control Physical Interface Physical Link TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Link Interface wires Physical What about a broadcast system Data Link Control RS232 C Interface Data Link Control Layer Data Link Protocol Physical Medium TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Data Link Control Layer Modem Example Satellite ethernet 802 11 Individual transmissions can interfere and destroy many frames A multiaccess protocol is required to try and avoid these collisions or the link will be too unreliable Example TDM CSMA Makes the bit pipe provided by the physical layer look intermittent to the DLC Protocol must interface with Physical and DLC layers By convention the Multiaccess Control Layer MAC is considered a sub layer of the DLC TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Link 3 Architecture EECS 122 Data Link Control Layer Network Layer Routing What about a broadcast system C D Need Addresses Burned into NICs DLC DLC B A DLC MAC MAC E MAC Physical Interface Physical Interface Physical Interface Multiaccess Medium TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Link Routing information must be contained in a message unless it is part of a circuit Network addressing and protocol required to accomplish delivery over multiple hops TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Network Network Layer Complexity C Network Layer Routers Switches D C Topology discovery Link State monitoring Forwarding Buffer management B A R S B A E E D 0 0 TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Network TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Network Network Layer Transport Layer C APP Network Data Link Control Physical Interface Asynchronous path PH Data Asynchronous reliable bit pipe FH Data Synchronous unreliable bit pipe Asynchronous path Network Data Link Control Physical Interface PH Data Asynchronous reliable bit pipe FH Data Synchronous unreliable bit pipe Physical Link Physical Link Network Data Link Control D a b c B A APP Physical Interface 1 12 x y z E 3 TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Network TOC Architecture Layers Step By Step Transport 4 Architecture EECS 122 Transport Layer Application Layer Application Transport TH Asynchronous routed path Network Network PH Data Asynchronous routed path PH Data Transport Physical Interface Synchronous unreliable bit pipe Physical Link End Node Physical Link Physical Interface End Node 2 452 PH Transport PH End Node Physical Link Subnet Node 6 7 Physical Link R S A Application Application Data Transport Transport TH Data Asynchronous routed path Asynchronous routed path Network Network PH B Data Link Control E 8 Physical Interface TH PH Asynchronous
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