EECS 122University of CaliforniaBerkeleyEECS122 - Contents – Index - Potential ApplicationsExamples of NodesArchitectureIssuesProtocolsEarly IdeasSummarySENSORSEECS122 - Contents – Index -SENSORS – Applications Micro-sensors, on-board processing, and wireless interfaces all feasible at very small scale can monitor phenomena “up close”Will enable spatially and temporally denseenvironmental monitoringEmbedded Networked Sensing will reveal previously unobservable phenomenaSeismic Structure responseContaminant TransportMarine MicroorganismsEcosystems, BiocomplexitySlide from D. EstrinEECS122 - Contents – Index -SENSORS Applications Disaster ResponseSensorsModulesHigh-speed Wireless LAN (WLAN)WLAN-PiconetBridgePiconetWLAN-PiconetBridgeWLAN AccessPointPiconetSensorManagementSensorFusionSpeechRecognizerDatabase& Data MinerMiddleware FrameworkWired NetworkNetworkManagementNetworked ToysSensor Badge Slide from D. EstrinEECS122 - Contents – Index -Rockwell Hidra3.5”x3.5”x3”StrongARM 1100 processor @ 133 MHzConnexant’s RDSSS9M Radio @ 100 kbps1-100 mW, 40 channelsVarious sensors on factory floor machinery:Monitor Vibrations, temperature, etc.http://wins.rsc.rockwell.com/Berkeley MotesAtmel microcontroller temperature, light, humidity,pressure, 3 axis magnetometers, 3 axis accelerometers10kbps, 20mSENSORS – Nodes Slide from Mani SrivastavaEECS122 - Contents – Index -UCLA iBadgeWearable Sensor Badgeacoustic in/out + DSPtemperature, pressure, humidity, magnetometer, accelerometerultrasound localizationorientation via magnetometer and accelerometerbluetooth radioSylph MiddlewareUCLA Medusa Localizer Node40MHz ARM THUMB1MB FLASH, 136KB RAM0.9MIPS/MHz 480MIPS/WRS-485 busOut of band data collection,formation of arrays540mAh Rechargeable Li-Ion batterySENSORS – Nodes Slide from Mani SrivastavaEECS122 - Contents – Index -Components and batterymounted on back5 cm7.6 mm3 cmSolar Cell(0.5 mm)Battery (3.6 mm)PCB (1 mm)Chip encapsulation(1.5 mm)Version 1: Light Powered Version 2: Vibration Powered BWRC’s PicoNode TripWire Sensor NodeSENSORS – Nodes Slide from Jan RabaeyEECS122 - Contents – Index -IPaq Sensor NodeSENSORS Nodes !"!# $%&'$( ')))*+, ($ -./01234++ 566!00127 8&0 '0( 10(90!:; 100<&= '!>!09;80!"! &0 =0Slide from Mani Srivastava EECS122 - Contents – Index -!"Sensor Network architectureA Survey on Sensor Networks; I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam,and E. Cayirci; IEEE Comm Magazine, August ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edition#EECS122 - Contents – Index -!"$ %&Key tasks performed by Sensor Nodes: Sensing Data Processing CommunicationNetworking is a distinguishing featureA Survey on Sensor Networks; I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam,and E. Cayirci; IEEE Comm Magazine, August ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 EditionEECS122 - Contents – Index -!"$ '("!()" Differences between Sensor Networks and traditional Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) Much lager number of nodes Dense deployment Limited in power Mainly use broadcast paradigm Higher failure rate No global identifiersEECS122 - Contents – Index -*"Low Power special protocols Ex.: Wake up; periodic sleepSmall Memory specialized code Ex.: TinyOS, Sylph, …Localization GPS, triangulation, …Synchronization GPS, NTP, …Addressing & Naming Location-based? Function-based? Directory? Hash?Routing Broadcast, multicast, anycast, mobility, … Transport Intermittent connectivity; noisy links; error toleranceObservation Protocols should be application specific, not genericSENSORS IssuesEECS122 - Contents – Index -SENSORS ProtocolsResource constraints call for more tightly integrated layersOpen Question:Can we define anInternet-like architecture for such application-specific systems??In-network: Application processing, Data aggregation, Query processingAdaptive topology, Geo-RoutingMAC, Time, LocationPhy: comm, sensing, actuation, SPUser Queries, External DatabaseData dissemination, storage, cachingSlide from D. EstrinEECS122 - Contents – Index -SENSORS ProtocolsSlide from D. EstrinSpatial and Temporal Scale Extent Spatial Density (of
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