UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Current Lecture I. Political Divisions in EuropeII. Decline of the Spanish HapsburgsIII. The Reformationa. Religious DivisionsIV. Contrast with Asiaa. China and RecoveryCurrent LectureI. Political Divisions in EuropeThe map has different colors to show cutoffs/ boundaries.Current events questions—referendum in Scotland? Since 1707 it’s been part of Britain. This isa long period of being together. The Scottish wanted to separate.Holy Roman Empire (HRE) —Rome was never a part of the HRE.Be able to identify obvious features within about 20 years…II. Decline of the Spanish Hapsburgs- “Overreach”-why?o Expand too far and don’t have the military resources to sustain it.o Overconfidence, - The 1588 Armadao Spain sent Armada to re-impose faith. Only 1/5 of English ships were war ships.Spaniards didn’t navigate too well. English were ready for them. British had been engaging in piracy and fraud- Dutch RevoltsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Holland vs. Dutch. This took the form again of religious division, Protestant and Catholic. If you go to the Netherlands and Belgium, you find the same language spoken through the great majority of both. III. The ‘Reformation’o ‘Salvation by faith alone’o You are not saved by acts of confession/contrition; knowing scriptures saves you, having faith in general is where the value is. o His second point came in his academic background. He was trained to be a lawyer. Grew up in eastern part of Germany. Lawyers love to argue. Halloween 1517: he went to the church door 95 theses, 95 questions for debate. Something is off, something is wrong; this led to reexamining the faith. To Luther, the Bible was central. o Bible Centralo Translation—Latin to German. This translation set the standard for contemporary German. o ‘Nationalism’ His work helped to crystallize German nationalism because they could not understand bible. Sacred. Had something sacred to refer back too Music—part of the cultural changes during this timeoa. Religious DivisionsOn map present in slideshow: Green for Protestants, orange for Catholics, yellow for Muslims, eastern orthodox—pale pinkA- Anglican, C- Calvinist, L- Lutheran, M-Muslims Ignatius of Loyola—born in 1491 and he lived until 1556. Overlapping with time of Charles V. Hundreds of billions of bouillon. Wanted to stamp out heresy of Protestantism. Church needed to re-examine what it was doing. The Jesuits were founded by Ignatius Counter-Reformationo Spain’s bankruptcy—overspent on war. Kept on trying to conquer France. Successor was concerned with restoring Englandto faith. Too much spending on the royal family. Spain had problems then as it has had recently… it is currently close to bankrupt.IV. Contrast with Asia Mughal empire—were conquerors. Military MightThey spoke Persian. They arrived by 1258.  They practiced religious tolerance. As Muslims they were a minority of population, 20 percent maximum. They ruled with the active cooperation of Hindu landlords. The tolerance was something really significant.  British enter scene—Calcutta o Traders from Portugal the Netherlands, Britain… the British were the most significant. Over time they extended their rule over south Asia. It took a couple of centuries but from 1603 when the British intrusion started, independent for Pakistan and India, 1947, British were there as a significant presence. Ming, Qing China Large populationo Far more united. Highly decentralized multilingual are of Southeast Asia. There is a significant contrast hereo Essay questions- compare any two civ with respect to “x” Cultural Solidarity—language, importance of family and ancestors Region and dialect. All of these were and remain important. No Colonizer—except in a few small areas. Macau- Portuguese area (casinos there) and Hong Kong Ming China—The Mongols brought the Yuan dynasty to power then the plague devastated China and prepared the way for the emergence of the Ming dynasty.a. China and RecoveryThe Red Turban Movement blended China’s diverse cultural and religious traditions. Zhu Yuannzhang was trained during the time of the Red Turban Movement. He was a commander and his forces defeated the Yuan and drove the Mongols from China. He took the important city of Nanjing in 1356 and renamed it “Yingtian.” Twelve years later in in 1368 Zhu proclaimed the founding of the Ming (“brilliant”) dynasty. After taking over Beijing as well, it took Zhu almost another twenty years to unify the entire country. Timeline—Portuguese establish Indian Ocean bases,