Slide 1AnnouncementsSpecial Problems for Extra CreditWho am I?We always wonder…The Standard Model of Particle PhysicsGood, but still lots we don’t know…Slide 8Slide 9Fermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERNLHC @ CERN Aerial ViewA Future Linear ColliderSlide 13DØ Central Calorimeter 1990Computers put together a pictureSlide 16GEM Application PotentialAnd in not too distant future, we could do …Information & Communication SourceEvaluation PolicyHomeworkAttendances and Class StyleLab and Physics ClinicExtra creditValid Planetarium ShowsWhat can you expect from this class?What do we want to learn in this class?Why do Physics?Brief History of PhysicsModels, Theories and LawsUncertaintiesSignificant FiguresSignificant FiguresNeeds for Standards and UnitsDefinition of Three Relevant Base UnitsPrefixes, expressions and their meaningsInternational Standard InstitutesHow do we convert quantities from one unit to another?Examples 1.3 and 1.4 for Unit ConversionsEstimates & Order-of-Magnitude CalculationsExample 1.8Dimension and Dimensional AnalysisDimension and Dimensional AnalysisExamplesSome FundamentalsSome More FundamentalsDisplacement, Velocity and SpeedSlide 48Displacement, Velocity and SpeedDifference between Speed and VelocityExample 2.1Instantaneous Velocity and SpeedSlide 53Position vs Time PlotSlide 55Example 2.3Example 2.3 cont’dDisplacement, Velocity and SpeedAccelerationAcceleration vs Time PlotExample 2.4Few Confusing Things on AccelerationMonday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu1PHYS 1443 – Section 001Lecture #1Monday, June 6, 2011Dr. Jaehoon Yu•Class Introduction•Standard and units•Dimensional Analysis•Fundamentals•One Dimensional Motion: Average Velocity; Acceleration; Motion under constant acceleration; Free FallToday’s homework is homework #1, due 10pm, Wednesday, June 8!!Monday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu2Announcements•Reading assignment #1: Read and follow through all sections in appendices A and B by Wednesday, June 8–There will be a quiz this Wednesday, June 8, on this reading assignmentMonday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu3Special Problems for Extra Credit•Derive the quadratic equation for Bx2-Cx+A=0 5 points•Derive the kinematic equation from first principles and the known kinematic equations 10 points•You must show your work in detail to obtain full credit•Due at the start of the class, Thursday, June 9 ifxfxxavvxxi 222Monday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu4Who am I?•Name: Dr. Jaehoon Yu (You can call me Dr. Yu)•Office: Rm 342, Chemistry and Physics Building–Office Hours: 2:30 – 3:30pm Mondays and Wednesdays or by appointment•Extension: x22814, E-mail: [email protected] •My profession: High Energy Particle Physics (HEP)–Collide particles (protons on anti-protons or electrons on anti-electrons, positrons) at the energies equivalent to 10,000 Trillion degrees–To understand•Fundamental constituents of matter•Interactions or forces between the constituents•Origin of Mass•Creation of Universe (Big Bang Theory)–A pure scientific research activity•Direct use of the fundamental laws we find may take longer than we want but •Indirect product of research contribute to every day lives; eg. WWWMonday, June 6, 2011We always wonder…•What is the universe made of?•How does the universe work?•What are the things that holds the universe together?•What are the governing principles of the universe?•How can we live in the universe well?•Where do we all come from?•HEP looks into the smallest possible things to find the answers to these deep questionsPHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu5Monday, June 6, 2011The Standard Model of Particle Physics •Prescribes the following fundamental structure:•Three families of leptons and quarks together with 12 force mediators Simple and elegant!!!•Tested to a precision of 1 part per million!~0.01mpFamilyDiscovered in 1995, ~170mpDirectly observed in 2000PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu6Monday, June 6, 2011Good, but still lots we don’t know…•Why are there three families of quarks and leptons?•Why is the mass range so large (0.01mp – 175 mp)?•How do matters acquire mass? –Higgs mechanism but where is the Higgs, the God particle?•Why is the matter in the universe made only of particles?–What happened to anti-particles? Or anti-matters?•Why are there only three apparent forces?•Is the picture we present the real thing?–What makes up the 96% of the universe?–How about extra-dimensions?•How is the universe created? •Are there any other theories that describe the universe better?–Does the super-symmetry exist? PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu7Monday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu8Accelerators are Powerful Microscopes.They make high energy particle beams that allow us to see small things.seen byhigh energy beam(better resolution)seen bylow energy beam(poorer resolution)Monday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu9Accelerators are also Time Machines.E = mc2 They make particles last seen in the earliest moments of the universe.EnergyParticle and anti-particle annihilate.particle beamenergyanti-particle beamenergyMonday, June 6, 2011Fermilab Tevatron and LHC at CERN•World’s Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider –6km circumference–Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p 13M Joules on 10-4m2)–Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a 20t truck at the speed 81mi/hr 130km/hr•~100,000 times the energy density at ground 0 of the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima–To be shut down Sept. 30, 2011ChicagoTevatronp p CDFDØ•World’s Highest Energy p-p collider–27km circumference, 100m underground–Design Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p 362M Joules on the area less than 10-4m2)Equivalent to the kinetic energy of a B727 (80tons) at the speed 193mi/hr 312km/hr~3M times the energy density at ground 0 of atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima•First 7TeV collisions on 3/30/10 The highest energy humans ever achieved!!•First collisions in 2011 in mid March, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu10Monday, June 6, 2011 PHYS 1443-001, Spring 2011 Dr. Jaehoon Yu11LHC @ CERN Aerial ViewGeneva AirportATLASCMSFranceSwizerlandMonday, June 6, 2011A Future Linear Collider•An electron-positron collider on a straight line for precision
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