PHYS 1443 – Section 501 Lecture #1Who am I?Structure of MatterThe Standard ModelFermilab Tevatron AcceleratorSlide 6Forward Proton Detector LayoutPrimary Web PageGradingHomeworkAttendance and Class StyleWhy Do Physics?What do you want from this class?Brief History of PhysicsUncertaintiesSignificant FiguresSlide 17Needs for Standards and UnitsDefinition of Base UnitsInternational Standard InstitutesExamples 1.3 & 1.4Estimates & Order-of-Magnitude CalculationsExamples 1.8Dimension and Dimensional AnalysisSlide 25ExamplesWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt1PHYS 1443 – Section 501Lecture #1Wednesday, Jan. 21, 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt1. Syllabus and Introduction2. Chapter one•Uncertainties and Significant Figures•Standards and units•Estimates•Dimensional AnalysisThanks to Dr. Yu for bringing this class into 21st Century!Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt2Who am I? •Name: Dr. Andrew Brandt (You can call me Dr. Brandt)•Office: Rm 241C, Science Hall•Extension: x2706, E-mail: [email protected] •Education: B.S. Physics/Economics College of William and Mary 1985; Ph. D. 1992 UCLA•My Research Area: High Energy Physics (HEP)–Collide particles (currently protons and anti-protons) at energies equivalent to 10,000 Trillion degrees–To understand•Fundamental constituents of matter•Interactions or forces between the constituents•Creation of Universe (Big Bang Theory)–A pure scientific research activity•Direct use of the fundamental laws not yet known, but use of discovery of electron was not immediately known either!•Indirect product of research contribute to every day lives; eg. WWWWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt3High Energy Physics Structure of Matter10-10m10-14m10-15m<10-18m10-9mMatter Molecule Atom NucleusuQuark<10-19mprotons, neutrons,mesons, etc.top, bottom,charm, strange,up, downCondensed matter/Nano-Science/ChemistryAtomic PhysicsNuclearPhysicsBaryon(Hadron)Electron(Lepton)10-2mWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt4The Standard Model•Assumes the following fundamental structure:Directly observed in 2000Discovered in 1995 byDØ and CDFWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt5Fermilab Tevatron Accelerator•World’s Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider – Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p 1.3MJoule)ChicagoTevatronp p CDFDØhttp://www.fnal.gov/Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt6qTimeppqgK“parton jet” “particle jet” “calorimeter jet”hadronsCHFHEMHighest ET dijet event at DØHighest ET dijet event at DØ0.69 GeV, 472E0.69 GeV, 475E21T11TWhat Does an Event Look Like in a Detector?Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt7Forward Proton Detector Layout•9 momentum spectrometers comprised of 18 Roman Pots•Scintillating fiber detectors (built at UTA) are moved close (~6 mm) to the beam to track scattered protons and anti-protons•Reconstructed track is used to calculate momentum and scattering angle, covering new kinematic regions •Allows combination of tracks with high momentum scattering in the central detectorD SQ2Q3Q4SA1A2P1UP2IP2OP1Dpp Z(m)D2D12333593323057VetoQ4Q3Q2Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt8Primary Web Page http://www.hep.uta.edu/~brandta/sp2004/teaching.htmlWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt9Grading•Exams: 50%–Best of two midterms 25%–Comprehensive final 25%–Exams will be curved if necessary–Missing an exam is not permissible unless pre-approved•No makeup test•Homework: 20% (no late homework)•Pop-quizzes: 10% (no makeup quizzes)•Lab score: 20%NO Makeup Work!Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt10Homework•Solving problems is the only way to comprehend class material•An electronic homework system has been setup for you–Details are in the syllabus and on web (class id 50143, pwd newton; everyone has their own password)–https://hw.utexas.edu/studentInstructions.html •Each homework carries the same weight•Home work will constitute 20% of the total A good way of keeping your grades high•Allowed (encouraged) to work with others and get help from physics clinic as needed—always attempt homework first on your own, or you will likely pay for it on the testsWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt11Attendance and Class Style•Attendance: –is STRONGLYSTRONGLY encouraged–pop quizzes will be given periodically•Class style:–Lectures will be primarily on electronic media•The lecture notes will be posted AFTER each class–Will be mixed with traditional methods–Active participation through questions and discussions are STRONGLYSTRONGLY encouragedWed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt12Why Do Physics?•To understand nature through experimental observations and measurements (Research)•Establish limited number of fundamental laws, usually with mathematical expressions•Explain and predict nature ⇒Theory and Experiment work hand-in-hand⇒Theory generally works under restricted conditions⇒Discrepancies between experimental measurements and theory are good for improvement of theory⇒Modern society is based on technology derived from detailed understanding of physicsExp.{Theory {Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt13What do you want from this class? I want you to: •Understand the fundamental principles that surround you •Identify what law of physics applies to what phenomena•Learn how to do research and analyze what you observe•Learn how to express observations and measurements in mathematical language•Learn how solve problemsI don’t want you to be scared of PHYSICS!!!I want an “A”I just want to pass!Wed. Jan 21, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004Dr. Andrew Brandt14Brief History of Physics•AD 18th century:–Newton’s Classical Mechanics: A theory of mechanics based on observations and measurements•AD 19th Century:–Electricity, Magnetism, and Thermodynamics•Late AD 19th and early 20th century (Modern Physics Era)–Einstein’s theory of relativity: Generalized theory of space, time, and energy (mechanics)–Quantum Mechanics: Theory of atomic phenomena (small distance scales)•Physics has come very far, very fast, and is still progressing, yet we’ve got a long way to
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