PHYS 1443 – Section 003 Lecture #1Who am I?Information & Communication SourceWhy do Physics?What do we want from this class?Brief History of PhysicsNeeds for Standards and UnitsDefinition of Base UnitsBuilding Blocks of Matters, Density, and Avogadro’s NumberExample 1.1Dimension and Dimensional AnalysisExamples 1.2 & 1.3Unit Conversion: Example 1.4Estimates & Order-of-Magnitude CalculationsUncertainties and Significant FiguresExample 1.8Problems 1.4 and 1.13Problems 1.25 & 1.31Some FundamentalsSome More FundamentalsDisplacement, Velocity and SpeedDifference between Speed and VelocityExample 2.1Instantaneous Velocity and SpeedPosition vs Time PlotPowerPoint PresentationExample 2.2AccelerationExample 2.4Meanings of AccelerationMonday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu1PHYS 1443 – Section 003Lecture #1Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu1. What is Physics?2. What do we want from this class?3. Summary of Chap. 14. Significant Figures and Uncertainties5. One dimensional motion•Fundamentals•Displacement, Velocity, and Speed•Acceleration•Kinetic Equation of MotionToday’s homework is homework #2, due 1am, next Wednesday!!Monday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu2Who am I?•Name: Dr. Jaehoon Yu (You can call me Dr. Yu)•Office: Rm 242A, Science Hall•Extension: x2814, E-mail: [email protected] •My profession:High Energy Physics–Collide particles (protons on anti-protons or electrons on anti-electrons, positrons) at the energies equivalent to 10,000 Trillion degrees–To understand•Fundamental constituents of matter•Interactions or forces between the constituents•Creation of Universe (Big Bang Theory)–A pure scientific research activity•Direct use of the fundamental laws we find may take longer than we want but •Indirect product of research contribute to every day lives; eg. WWWMonday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu3Information & Communication Source•My web page: http://www-hep.uta.edu/~yu/–Contact information & Class Schedule–Syllabus–Holidays and Exam days–Evaluation Policy–Class Style & homework: 34 of you have registered, will lock the enrollment one week from today–Other information•Primary communication tool is e-mail: Register for PHYS1443-003-FALL02 e-mail distribution list as soon possible: Only 9 of you have registered to the list•Class roster: 45 of you have been officially registered to this course but I have a total of 52. Please register ASAP.Monday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu4Why do Physics?•To understand nature through experimental observations and measurements (Research)•Establish limited number of fundamental laws, usually with mathematical expressions•Predict the nature’s course⇒Theory and Experiment work hand-in-hand⇒Theory works generally under restricted conditions⇒Discrepancies between experimental measurements and theory are good for improvements⇒Improves our everyday lives, though some laws can take a while till we see amongst usExp.{Theory {Monday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu5What do we want from this class?•Physics is everywhere around you.•Understand the fundamental principles that surrounds you in everyday lives…•Identify what law of physics applies to what phenomena…•Understand the impact of such physical laws•Learn how to research and analyze what you observe.•Learn how to express observations and measurements in mathematical language.•Learn how to express your research in systematic manner in writing•I don’t want you to be scared of PHYSICS!!!•It really is nothing but a description of nature in mathematical language for ease of useMonday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu6Brief History of Physics•AD 18th century:–Newton’s Classical Mechanics: A theory of mechanics based on observations and measurements•AD 19th Century:–Electricity, Magnetism, and Thermodynamics•Late AD 19th and early 20th century (Modern Physics Era)–Einstein’s theory of relativity: Generalized theory of space, time, and energy (mechanics)–Quantum Mechanics: Theory of atomic phenomena•Physics has come very far, very fast, and is still progressing, yet we’ve got a long way to go –What is matter made of?–How do matters get mass?–How and why do matters interact with each other?–How is universe created?Monday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu7Needs for Standards and Units•Basic quantities for physical measurements–Length, Mass, and Time•Need a language that everyone can understand each other–Consistency is crucial for physical measurements–The same quantity measured by one must be comprehendible and reproducible by others–Practical matters contribute•A system of unit called SISI (International System of units in French) established in 1960–Length in meters (m)–Mass in kilo-grams (kg)–Time in seconds (s)Monday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu8Definition of Base UnitsSI Units Definitions1 m (Length) = 100 cmThe meter is the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second.1 kg (Mass) = 1000 gIt is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram, made of platinum-iridium in International Bureau of Weights and Measure in France. 1 s (Time)The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the Cesium 133 (C133) atom.•There are prefixes that scales the units larger or smaller for convenience (see pg. 7)•Units for other quantities, such as Kelvins for temperature, for easiness of useMonday, Jan. 14, 2002 PHYS 1443-003, Fall 2002Dr. Jaehoon Yu9Building Blocks of Matters, Density, and Avogadro’s Number•Matter can be sliced to its fundamental constituents–Matter Molecule Atom Nucleus Protons and Neutrons Quarks•Atomic number (ID) of a substance = Number of Protons•Substances with the same Atomic number but different mass exist in nature and are called Isotopes•Atomic mass of a substance = average Np+Nn of all isotopes •A property of matter is density of matter (): Amount of mass contained within unit volume (e.g.: Al=2.7g/cm3)•One mole (mol) of a substance Definition of a standard for consistency–The amount of the substance that contains as many particles
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