What is the Internet History The Internet links the diverse peoples of the world in electronic conversations and commerce The Internet seems to have sprung up overnight While that is NOT true the perception is still rather valid Since 1991 the number of Internet users has grown from less than 500 000 to hundreds of millions if not billions Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History The Internet was once the exclusive realm of US government agencies universities and research organizations Now it is open to just about anyone who has access to a computer anywhere in the world Increasing access is one of the motives of the One Laptop Per Child initiative we discussed the first week of class Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet Some Definitions Computer Network is a group of computers and computer devices linked together over communications wired and wireless lines so that information resources and ideas can be shared Local Area Network LAN is a network that covers a limited geographic area such as a group of offices a building or a number of nearby buildings When a group of LANs are connected we have an internet this intentionally has a small i The Internet capital I can be thought of as the linking of hundreds of thousands of LANs into one world wide seemingly random collection of interconnected devices Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History The Internet was born in 1969 out of the threat of war Four universities University of California at Los Angeles University of California at Santa Barbara University of Utah and Stanford Research Institute were linked together in the first ever truly wide area network This network was funded by the Defense Department ARPAnet funding was through Advanced Research Project Agency ARPAnet had two purposes 1 This was a cold war era military project A decentralized network of computers to coordinate military operations 2 Great Idea It was hoped that the network would enable scientists and researchers to share idea and information quickly and easily It s this second idea that changed the world Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History ARPAnet 1969 4 sites called hosts 1971 20 hosts and nationwide including schools such as Harvard MIT Utah Illinois as well as California schools 1972 Ray Tomlinson writes a program that creates the ability to transmit electronic mail over ARPAnet Great Idea Tomlinson invented the user host convention Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1979 Idea of the Internet grabs the attention of the growing Tech world Cover of Computer Magazine Sept 1979 Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History Early 1980s 1981 200 hosts US allies express interest IBM releases the IBM PC Prior to this Internet existed as a network of large systems In 1981 NSFnet was created it was the child of ARPAnet Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History Early 1980s 1981 NSFnet Mid 1980s NSF created a high speed electronic structure or backbone connected the five national supercomputer centers with ARPAnet Supercomputer centers available to researchers nationwide NSF worked to connect smaller regional networks to ARPAnet Universities not the US military government were major players 1983 Gaming company Video Crop founded running an independent dial up network running on Apple IIs and Commodore 64s Grandparent of America Online Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1988 First worm attacks ARPAnet effecting 6000 or the 60 000 computers then connected US govt creates Computer Emergency Response Team CERT to deal with such incidents 1988 Canada Denmark Finalnd France Iceland Norway and Sweden come online Ordinary citizens cannot gain access to ARPAnet Internet Quantum Computer Services who later changed their name to America Online provide Internet like service to general public for a fee Standard service news reference email Enhanced service standard plus hardware and software forums NOT connected to the Internet Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1989 January 80 000 hosts November 160 000 hosts More nations Australia Germany Israel Italy Japan Mexico Natherlands New Zealand and the United Kingdom Great Idea Tim Berners Lee invents the concept of hypertext systems that can run across the Internet independent of a computer s operating system This is the idea of a Browser This enabled the formation of the World Wide Web as we know it today MCImail and CompUServe join America Online in the email for a fee environment They are NOT connected to the Internet Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1990 ARPAnet is decommissioned NSFnet takes over responsibility for service to universities and researchers worldwide 300 000 host systems More nations come on board Argentina Austria Belgium Brazil Chile Greece India Ireland South Korea Spain and Switzerland Tools are invented and special services provided in medicine and finance Worm attacks increase Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1992 Internet get s its own professional society to direct policy and set direction Great Idea Students at University of Indiana take Berners Lee s idea and create the first browser called MOSAIC Commercial spinoff is Netscape Now non Techies can use the Internet Until 1992 user community doubled every year this year it doubled it s user base in 3 months Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1993 The United Nations and the White House are added to the list of accessible sites AOL goes after the general public People with little familiarity with computers User friendly kid friendly family friendly Competitors are going after the Techies Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History 1993 AOL for Windows Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet History Late 1990s 1995 Independent services start providing Internet access Search Engines Yahoo and Altavista appear 1996 Microsoft releases Internet Explorer Browser war and lawsuits of Microsoft as a monopoly begin Great Idea AOL Instant Messenger AIM released changing the way people communicate over the Internet 1998 AOL buys Netscape creates alliance with SUN Microsystems Google arrives with a new kind of search mechanism using ranking rather than categories Copyright 2008 by Helene G Kershner What is the Internet