Biology 102Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture:I. Clicker QuestionsII. ProkaryotesIII. CyanobacteriaOutline of Current Lecture: I. Clicker QuestionII. Prokaryotes rolesIII. AchaeaIV. DiseaseClicker QuestionWhere do natural antibiotics come from?a. They are made synthetically in a labb. They come from bacteria and fungi and kill only bacteriac. They come from bacteria and kill both bacteria and viruses d. They come from soil bacteriaProkaryotes RolesDifferent species of prokaryotes can cooperate for biofilm- Quarum sense: when cells reach certain number or population they “cooperate” to forma biofilm- Can be a number of species- At first the biofilm is soft, a sticky substance, then it hardenso Ex. a plastic tube being put in the body like a catheter, the biofilm develops in thetube and goes into the organo Ex. the slime on the bottom on the boatAchaeaCan live in ambient regular environment- Ex. sea salt purification: archaea is used in the process to take the salt out of sea waterThermophiles- live in high temperatures- Have the enzymes and best function at this levelBiology 102Halophiles- high salt, love saltMethanogens- live in the guts of animals - Help digest celluloseo When they break down the cellulose it generates methane gas (fart) (greenhousegas)o Also lives in swampsDiseaseExotoxins- prokaryotes that cause disease- Staphylococcus aureus: produces exotoxins- Parasites: eukaryotes that cause diseaseEndotoxins- components of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, released when the cell dies or is digested by a defensive cell.- Not a molecule secreted, just a structure- Outer lipid bi-layerLyme disease- caused by a spiral virus- Symptoms: rash, rash goes away and you feel fine, you then experience flu like symptoms and it goes away and it feels fine. Eventually it can cause major problems overtime- How it happens: most common way it happens is by the bite of a deer tick, the disease lives in the gut of a tick.o There a hollow tube on the end of the ticks mouth, it releases an anesthetic quality so you don’t feel it and an anticoagulant so your blood doesn’t clot and the blood flows freely. The tick releases puts the hollow tube in your capillary and spits its guts into your blood.o Feeds for 24-48
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