PSYC 1103 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Attachment and ParentingA. Parent contributionB. Child contributionII. Parenting stylesIII. IdentityIV. Identity DevelopmentOutline of Current Lecture V. Peer RelationsVI. Peer StatusVII. What makes friendship so special?Current LecturePeer RelationsWhy do we care about peer relations?- Peer relationships are associated with important outcomeso Self-esteemo Academic achievemento Emotional well being- Indices of peer functioningo Peer group status/affiliationo FriendshipsPeer status- Sociometric status: peer acceptance, likeabilityo Rejected- liked by few disliked by manyo Controversial- liked by many and disliked by manyo Neglected- invisibleo Popular- liked by many, disliked by few Popular are accepted and well-liked- Perceived popularityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Perceived popular youth are seen as “cool” or “popular” but are not necessarily well-liked; Mean girlsWhat makes friendship so special?- Unique relationships characterized byo Reciprocity- 2 way street of liking each othero Affection- caring/mutual regard for one anothero Voluntary commitment- choose who your friends are- Friends may be formed based ono Proximity- friends with coworkero Similarity- same gender, age, raceo Shared interests/activitieso Shared values/goals- Developmental shiftso I like him causes he’s got a pool and he lets me swim in it whenever I want- childo He’s a really good friends because he’s loyal and he always sticks up for me- adolescent- Afford provisionso Social skills- negotiates conflicts with other people. See other peoples perspectiveo Companionship- someone to be with and spend time witho Validation- someone to support and tell us we are a good persono Help and guidance- emotional support/ help a friend moveo Self-disclosure/intimate exchange- talk with and share your thoughts and secrets-someone you can trust to have an intimate exchange Gender differences- Girls are more engaging in this behavior because they value it more- Impact on developmental outcomes depends on…o Quality of the friendships Friendships differ in positive and negative qualityo Type of interactions Negative- Co-rumination (rose, smith, others)o Excessive discussion of problems Rehashing- constantly talking about the situation Speculating- why didn’t this happen Dwell on negative feelings- sad mad- Associated with internalizing difficulties (depression, anxiety)- More common among girls PositiveLessons for intervening with youth- Despite having friendships, some youth may still be at risk for negative outcomeso Move youth away from negative interactionso Not just foster friendships but high positive quality