EUTELEOSTEI OSTARIOPHYSI PROTACANTHOPPTERYGII NEOTELEOSTS NEOTELEOSTS Stenopterygii Cyclosquamata Scopelomorpha ACANTHOMORPHA ACANTHOMORPHA Lampridiomorpha Polymixiomorpha Paracanthopterygii ACANTHOPTERYGII ACANTHOPTERYGII Mugilomorpha mullets Atherinomorpha silversides Percomorpha Superorder Acanthopterygii Mugilomorpha Order Mugiliformes Mullets Neoteleostei Superorder Stenopterygii Order Stomiiformes dragonfish hatchetfish 321 spp including lightfishes marine hatchetfishes Mostly weird deep sea forms Order Ateleopodiformes Jellynosefishes Superorder Cyclosquamata Superorder Scopelomorpha Order Aulopiformes deep sea dwellers 220 species lizardfish telescopefish Order Myctophiformes Blackchins Lanternfishes 65 all mesopelagic fish Acanthomorpha Superorder Lampridiomorpha Order Lampridiformes opahs crestfish ribbonfish oarfish Deep sea fishes Superorder Polymixiomorpha Superorder Paracanthopterygii Order Polymixiiformes Beardfish Order Percopsiformes Troutperch pirate perch anus below head cavefishes Order Ophidiiformes Cuskeels Order Gadiformes Codfishes Order Batrachoidiformes Toadfishes Order Lophiiformes Anglerfishes Frogfishes Batfishes Goosefishes Superorder Acanthopterygii Neoteleosts Atherinomorpha Order Atheriniformes Silversides and rainbowfishes Order Beloniformes Needlefish Halfbeaks and Flyingfishes Order Cyprinodontiformes Killifishes plays swordtails ricefishes Medaka Series Percomorpha Order Stephanoberciformes Pricklefish whalefish Order Bercyformes Squirrelfishes redfishes Pineapple fishes flashlight fishes Roughies Spinyfins Fangtooths Order Zeiformes Dories Oreos Order Gasterosteiformes Pipefish and seahorses sticklebacks Order Synbranchiformes Swampeels Order Scorpaeniformes Scorpianfish Order Perciformes Many many Order Pleuronectiformes Flounders and soles Order Tetraodontiformes Triggers and puffers etc Neoteleosts Emergence of a Pharyngeal Retractor Muscle seven super orders are recognized Anterior end Dorsal gill arch elements pharyngobranchials and posterior end first to sixteenth elements Connects pharyngeal jaws w vertebral column Also changed way vertebral column connects to skull three bones basi and two exoccipitals versus basioccipital only primitive Other characters include a medial rostral cartilage between premaxillae and neurocrania some muscles I will not bore you with 1 Seven Super Orders Super order groups 1 Stenopterygii Stomiiforms and Ateleopodidae jellynose fish weird deep water swim just above bottom Stomiiformes 4 families w 321 species Gonostomatidae bristlemouths Phosichthyidae lightfishes Sternoptychidae marine hatchetfishes and Stomiidae dragonfishes and relatives 1985 Bill Fink combined 230 or so species of barbeled stomiiforms previously recognized in six families into one large family the Stomiidae Seven Super Orders Stomiiformes deep sea mesopelagic and bathypelagic w luminescent organs photophores present include the lightfishes or bristlemouths including Cyclothone greatest abundance of individuals of any fish genus in the world Marine Hatchetfish Viper fishes dragon fishes snaggletooths Seven Super Orders 2 AULOPIFORMES Cyclosquamata pelagic bathypelagic many synchronous hermaphrodites 4 Suborders 12 families 42 genera w about 200 species greeneyes pearleyes waryfishes Lizard fishes Tripod fishes elongate pectoral pelvic and caudal rays to sit on bottom All fishes above Cyclosquamata lost fifth pharyngeal tooth plate 2 Seven Super Orders 3 Myctophiformes Scopelomorpha with 2 families 35 genera about 241 species lanternfishes lost tooth plate but still have cycloid scales versus ctenoid Bathypterois quadrifilis Seven Super Orders Super order groups Now we get the ACANTHOMORPHA True fin spines rather than hardened rays in dorsal anal and pelvic fins Spiny rayed teleosts other changes include the maxilla pharyngeal teeth diversified etc Lepidophanes guentheri Seven Super Orders ACANTHOMORPHA 4 Lampridiomorpha open water oceanic include opahs and oarfish one can enlarge its mouth volume 40 fold during feeding no true spines maxilla helps premax has no teeth Opah Lampris guttatus Seven Super Orders ACANTHOMORPHA 5 Polymixiomorpha beardfishes unsure of exact phylogenetic position mixed combination of characteristics Oarfish Regalecus glesne 3 Seven Super Orders 6 Paracanthopterygii major side branch Marine benthic and nocturnal fishes Defined caudal skeleton and holes in skull About 1200 species only 20 primitive are freshwater Percopsiformes Troutperch most advanced w adipose fin and blind scaleless cave fish amblyopsid Seven Super Orders 6 Paracanthopterygii Gadiformes Cods hake etc some of most important commercial fishes in the world largest food fishery in world is for Pacific walleye Pollock 6 million tons in 1989 Seven Super Orders 6 Paracanthopterygii Ophidiiformes Pearlfish and cusk eels some live inside body cavities and are parasitic two distinct larval stages Seven Super Orders 6 Paracanthopterygii Batrachoidiformes Toadfish some venomous convergent with scorpionfish Lots of acoustics and midshipmen lateral photophores and very vocal during breeding houseboats complain auditory scene analysis 4 Seven Super Orders Seven Super Orders 6 Paracanthopterygii Lophiiformes anglerfishes Goosefish frogfish esca or lure used to mimic small fish and batfish very strange morphologically 150 plus species and males small and are parasitic on females 7 Superorder Acanthopterygii 13 500 species in 251 families a Ascending process of premaxilla b Pharyngeal dentition and action great retractor dorsalis now inserts on 3rd pharyngobranchial arch and upper pharyngeal jaws supported by 2nd and 3rd epibranchials Typically ctenoid scales physoclistous gas bladder no maxilla in gape two distinct dorsal fins spiny and soft pelvic and anal fins with spines externally symmetric tail Seven Super Orders 7 Superorder Acanthopterygii Three Series 1 Mugilomorpha mullets 66 species economically important leap from water Seven Super Orders 7 Superorder Acanthopterygii 3 Series 2 Atherinomorpha Surface of water a Atheriniformes silversides rainbow fish 285 spp b Beloniformes needlefishes flying fishes include Medakas ricefish Oryzias used in labs first to have sex in space and c Cyprinodontiformes Poeciliids mollies guppies swordtails Killifish pupfish etc highly salt tolerant and extreme environments Annual aplocheilid rivulines Rivulus marmoratus only self fertilizing fish Anablepid four eye fish Species flock of Orestias in Lake Titicaca 4570 m 5