1ACANTHOPTERYGII = Mugilomorpha (mullets) + Atherinomorpha (silversides) + Percomorpha• Superorder Acanthopterygii• Mugilomorpha– Order Mugiliformes: Mullets• Atherinomorpha– Order Atheriniformes: Silversides and rainbowfishes– Order Beloniformes: Needlefish, Halfbeaks, and Flyingfishes– Order Cyprinodontiformes: Killifishes,plays, swordtails + ricefishes (Medaka) • Series Percomorpha– ?Order Stephanoberciformes: Pricklefish, whalefish– ?Order Bercyformes: Squirrelfishes, redfishes, Pineapple fishes, flashlight fishes, Roughies, Spinyfins, Fangtooths– ?Order Zeiformes: Dories, Oreos, .– Order Gasterosteiformes: Pipefish and seahorses, sticklebacks– Order Synbranchiformes: Swampeels– Order Scorpaeniformes: Scorpianfish– Order Perciformes: Many many– Order Pleuronectiformes: Flounders and soles– Order Tetraodontiformes: Triggers and puffers etc2Acanthopterygii Phylogeny – Johnson and WileySeven “Super Orders”• 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii• ‘Three ‘Series’• 1) Mugilomorpha – mullets – 66 species, economically important; leap from water.??3Seven “Super Orders”• 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii - 3 ‘Series’• 2) Atherinomorpha – Surface of water.• a) Atheriniformes - silversides, rainbow fish, 285 spp.; • b) Beloniformes = needlefishes, flying fishes, include Medakas (ricefish Oryzias - used in labs; first to have sex in space); and • c) Cyprinodontiformes = Poeciliids – mollies, guppies, swordtails; Killifish, pupfish etc. –highly salt tolerant and extreme environments; Annual aplocheilid rivulines. Rivulus marmoratus only self fertilizing fish; Anablepid – four eye fish. Species flock of Orestias in Lake Titicaca (4570 m).Seven “Super Orders”• 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii – 13,500 species in 251 families.3) Percomorpha 12,000 species with anteriorly placed pelvic girdle that is connected to the pectoral girdle directly or by a ligament; pelvic fin w/ anterior spine and usually five soft rays4Acanthopterygii Phylogeny – Johnson and WileyPercomorpha• Defined - Anteriorlyplaced pelvic girdle connected to pectoral directly or by ligament; not well defined groupBasal Orders• Stephanoberyciforms(gibberfishes & whalefish)• Zeiformes - dories• Bericiformes - orange roughy & squirrelfishes, soldierfish5PercomorphaBasal Orders• Gasterosteiforms – dermal armor plates, small mouths; sticklebacks, sea horses, sea moths, pipefish, sea dragons, -only verts - male pregnant; trumpetfish & cornet fish. • Synbranchiforms – Swamp Eels - palatoquadrateattaches at two points on skull = amphystilicsuspension. • Scorpaniformes –scorpionfish, rockfish and sculpins; only freshwater = sculpinsPercomorpha• Order Perciformes – 148 families and 9300 species• Suborder Percoidei - 71 families with 2860 species– Centropomids – snooks, barramundi, Nile Perch etc– Serranidae – sea basses, 450+ species – 3 spines on opercle; 3 subfamilies inc. mamlets, groupers, soapfish, etc. Many are hermaphrodites –start female become male = PROTOGYNY6Percomorpha• Suborder Percoidei - 71 families with 2860 species– Centrarchidae – 29 spp. Sunfishes, crappies, rockbasses and bassesPercomorpha• Suborder Percoidei(many families) – 71 families with 2860 species– Grammatidae – basslets– Percidae – yellow perch and walleye and darters (162+ species)– Cardinal fish (Apogonids) – 320+ spp. Nocturnal reef fish w/ big eyes– Tilefishes (Malacanthids) –marine burroughs, move shells, rocks w/ mouth– Nematistiidae – remoras –first dorsal fin modified as sucking organ; -sometimes combined w/ next four as carangoids7PERCOMORPHA• Cobia – monotypic –looks like ramora but no disk often w/ manta rays• Dolphin fishes (dorado) -- 2pp. – sexual dimorphism in skulls• Jacks – Carangids – 140 + species of predators –good swimmers –carangiform locomotion.• Lutjanids – snappers 125+ spp.• Lobotid tripletails – dorsal anal and caudal fins PERCOMORPHA• Lobotid tripletails –dorsal anal and caudal fins • Gerreidae – mojarras– common inshore • Haemulidae (grunts) – coral reef – pork fish• Sparidae (Porgies)• Polynemid threadfins8PERCOMORPHA• Sciaenid Croakers –270+ species -Totoaba – sound & large otoliths and extensive lateral lines. • Mullid (goatfishes) • Monodactylilidfingerfishes• ToxotidArcherfishes –shoot water eyes submerged PERCOMORPHA• Chaetodontidae –butterfly fishes – 114 species• Pomacanthidae –Anglefishes• Kyphosids – sea chubs 42 sp.• Nanid Leaf fish• Cirrhitid hawkfishes9PERCOMORPHA• Suborder - Elassomatids – pygmy sunfish –convergence w/ true sunfishes• Suborder - LABROIDEI – species flocks and explosive speciationCichlidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, Embiotocidae & OdacidsPERCOMORPHA• Suborder - Zoarcoidei – eelpouts, wolffishes, wolf eels, gunnels• Suborder - Nototheniodei – icefishes, glycoprotein antifreeze• Suborder - Trachinoidei – stargazers, sand divers, sand lances, weeverfishes (venomous w/ stargazers)• Suborder - Icosteoidei, Gobiesocoidei, Callionymoidei –ragfish, clingfish, Dragonet (popular aquarium)• Suborder - Blennioidei – Blennies• Suborder - Gobioidei - Gobies10PERCOMORPHA• Suborder Kurtoidei – Kurtids, males care eggs w/ attachment to supraoccipital crest• Suborder Acanthuroidei –Acanthurids (72 spp), rabbitfishes, spadefishes, Louvar (female w/ 50 million eggs), Moorish Idol• Suborder Scombrolabracoidei– weird gas bladder that has projections, monotypicPERCOMORPHA• Suborder Scombroidei –Mackerels, tunas, Barracudas, cutlass fishes, Xiphiid swordfish and istiophorid sailfish, spearfish and marlins• Suborder Stromateoidei –medusafishes, squaretails, driftfishes, butterfishes11PERCOMORPHA• Suborder Anabantoidei –labyrinth fishes –auxiliary breathing structure – betas and gouamis• Suborder Channoidei –snakeheadsPERCOMORPHA• Order –Pleuronectiformes –pelagic symmetric larvae, metamorphose into adults that lie on bottom, Soles (usually right eyed), flounders, halibut (righteyeflounder), tonguefishes.12PERCOMORPHAOrder -Tetradontiformes –triggerfish, filefishes, boxfishes, puffers, Mola Ocean Sunfishes lots of cartilage in skull, up to 1000