1EUTELEOSTEI = OSTARIOPHYSI + PROTACANTHOPPTERYGII + NEOTELEOSTSNEOTELEOSTS = Stenopterygii + Cyclosquamata+ Scopelomorpha +ACANTHOMORPHAACANTHOMORPHA = Lampridiomorpha + Polymixiomorpha + Paracanthopterygii + ACANTHOPTERYGIIACANTHOPTERYGII = Mugilomorpha (mullets) + Atherinomorpha (silversides) + Percomorpha• Neoteleostei --• Superorder Stenopterygii– Order Stomiiformes: (dragonfish, hatchetfish); 321 spp, including lightfishes, marine hatchetfishes. Mostly weird, deep-sea forms.– Order Ateleopodiformes: Jellynosefishes• Superorder Cyclosquamata– Order Aulopiformes: deep sea dwellers – 220+ species lizardfish, telescopefish• Superorder Scopelomorpha– Order Myctophiformes: Blackchins & Lanternfishes (65% all mesopelagic fish)-- Acanthomorpha --• Superorder Lampridiomorpha– Order Lampridiformes: opahs, crestfish, ribbonfish, oarfish, Deep-sea fishes. • Superorder Polymixiomorpha– Order Polymixiiformes: = Beardfish• Superorder Paracanthopterygii– Order Percopsiformes: Troutperch, pirate perch (anus below head), cavefishes– Order Ophidiiformes: Cuskeels– Order Gadiformes: Codfishes– Order Batrachoidiformes: Toadfishes– Order Lophiiformes: Anglerfishes, Frogfishes, Batfishes, Goosefishes• Superorder Acanthopterygii2• Superorder Acanthopterygii• Mugilomorpha– Order Mugiliformes: Mullets• Atherinomorpha– Order Atheriniformes: Silversides and rainbowfishes– Order Beloniformes: Needlefish, Halfbeaks, and Flyingfishes– Order Cyprinodontiformes: Killifishes,plays, swordtails + ricefishes (Medaka) • Series Percomorpha– Order Stephanoberciformes: Pricklefish, whalefish– Order Bercyformes: Squirrelfishes, redfishes, Pineapple fishes, flashlight fishes, Roughies, Spinyfins, Fangtooths– Order Zeiformes: Dories, Oreos, .– Order Gasterosteiformes: Pipefish and seahorses, sticklebacks– Order Synbranchiformes: Swampeels– Order Scorpaeniformes: Scorpianfish– Order Perciformes: Many many– Order Pleuronectiformes: Flounders and soles– Order Tetraodontiformes: Triggers and puffers etcNeoteleostsNeoteleosts: Emergence of a Pharyngeal Retractor Muscle - seven super orders are recognized.Anterior end = Dorsal gill arch elements (pharyngobranchials) and posterior end (first to sixteenth elements). Connects pharyngeal jaws w/ vertebral column.Also changed way vertebral column connects to skull – three bones (basi and two exoccipitals) versus basioccipital only (primitive).Other characters include (a) medial rostral cartilage between premaxillae and neurocrania & some muscles I will not bore you with.3Seven “Super Orders”• Super order groups• #1) Stenopterygii = Stomiiforms and Ateleopodidae (jellynosefish = weird deep water –swim just above bottom). Seven “Super Orders”• Stomiiformes = deep-sea, mesopelagic and bathypelagic w/ luminescent organs (photophores) present; include the lightfishes or bristlemouthsincluding - Cyclothone = greatest abundance of individuals of any fish genus in the world); Marine Hatchetfish; Viper fishes; dragon fishes; snaggletooths4Stomiiformes• 4 families w/ 321 species: Gonostomatidae(bristlemouths), Phosichthyidae(lightfishes), Sternoptychidae (marine hatchetfishes), and Stomiidae(dragonfishes and relatives). 1985 – Bill Fink combined 230 or so species of "barbeled stomiiforms," previously recognized in six families, into one large family, the Stomiidae. Seven “Super Orders”• #2) AULOPIFORMES = Cyclosquamata = pelagic & bathypelagic; many synchronous hermaphrodites; • 4 Suborders; 12 families, 42 genera w/ about 200 species; greeneyes; pearleyes; waryfishes; Lizard fishes; Tripod fishes – elongate pectoral, pelvic and caudal rays to sit on bottom• All fishes above Cyclosquamata- lost fifth pharyngeal tooth plate5Seven “Super Orders”• #3) Myctophiformes(Scopelomorpha) -with 2 families; 35 genera & about 241 species; lanternfishes– lost tooth plate but still have cycloid scales (versus ctenoid)BathypteroisquadrifilisLepidophanes guentheriSeven “Super Orders”• Super order groups• Now we get the = ACANTHOMORPHA = True fin spines (rather than hardened rays) = in dorsal, anal and pelvic fins; = Spiny rayed teleosts (other changes include the maxilla, pharyngeal teeth diversified, etc6Seven “Super Orders”• ACANTHOMORPHA• 4) Lampridiomorpha = open water oceanic include opahs and oarfish = one can enlarge its mouth volume 40 fold during feeding; no true spines, maxilla helps premax - has no teethOpah - Lampris guttatusOarfish - Regalecus glesneSeven “Super Orders”• ACANTHOMORPHA• 5) Polymixiomorpha = beardfishes – unsure of exact phylogeneticposition- mixed combination of characteristics7Seven “Super Orders”• 6 ) Paracanthopterygii –major side branch; Marine, benthic and nocturnal fishes; Defined - caudal skeleton and holes in skull. About 1200 species – only 20 primitive are freshwater• Percopsiformes -Troutperch (most advanced w/ adipose fin) and blind scaleless cave fish (amblyopsid), Seven “Super Orders”• 6) Paracanthopterygii• Ophidiiformes - Pearlfishand cusk eels – some live inside body cavities and are parasitic; two distinct larval stages.8Seven “Super Orders”• 6 ) Paracanthopterygii• Gadiformes - Cods, hake etc – some of most important commercial fishes in the world – largest food fishery in world is for Pacific walleye Pollock > 6 million tons in 1989Seven “Super Orders”• 6 ) Paracanthopterygii• Batrachoidiformes -Toadfish – some venomous -convergent with scorpionfish. • Lots of acoustics and midshipmen (lateral photophores and very vocal during breeding – houseboats complain) – auditory scene analysis9Seven “Super Orders”• 6 ) Paracanthopterygii• Lophiiformes = anglerfishes; Goosefish & frogfish (esca or lure used to mimic small fish) and batfish – very strange morphologically, 150 plus species and males small and are parasitic on females.Seven “Super Orders”• 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii – 13,500 species in 251 families.– a) Ascending process of premaxilla– b) Pharyngeal dentition and action great – retractor dorsalis now inserts on 3rd pharyngobranchial arch and upper pharyngeal jaws supported by 2nd and 3rd epibranchials• Typically - ctenoid scales, physoclistous gas bladder, no maxilla in gape; two distinct dorsal fins (spiny and soft); pelvic and anal fins with spines; externally symmetric tail10Seven “Super Orders”• 7) Superorder