Chapter OneOutlineGoals1.1 Chemistry: The Central ScienceSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 81.2 States of MatterSlide 10Slide 111.3 Classification of MatterSlide 13Slide 141.4 Example of a Chemical ReactionSlide 161.5 Chemical Elements and SymbolsSlide 18Slide 19Slide 201.6 Elements and the Periodic TableSlide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Chapter SummaryChapter Summary Cont.Slide 31Key WordsKey Words Contd.Slide 34Chapter OneMatter and LifeFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 6th EditionJames MayhughCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One2OutlineOutline1.1 Chemistry: The Central Science1.1 Chemistry: The Central Science1.2 States of Matter1.2 States of Matter1.3 Classification of Matter1.3 Classification of Matter1.4 An Example of a Chemical Reaction1.4 An Example of a Chemical Reaction1.5 Chemical Elements and Symbols1.5 Chemical Elements and Symbols1.6 Elements and the Periodic Table1.6 Elements and the Periodic TableCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One3GoalsGoals1.1.What is matter?What is matter? Be able to discuss the properties of Be able to discuss the properties of matter and describe the three states of matter.matter and describe the three states of matter.2.2.How is matter classified?How is matter classified? Be able to distinguish Be able to distinguish between mixtures and pure substances, and between between mixtures and pure substances, and between elements and compounds.elements and compounds.3.3.What kinds of properties does matter have?What kinds of properties does matter have? Be Be able to distinguish between chemical and physical able to distinguish between chemical and physical properties.properties.4.4.How are chemical elements represented?How are chemical elements represented? Be able to Be able to name and give the symbols of common elements.name and give the symbols of common elements.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One41.1 Chemistry: The Central Science1.1 Chemistry: The Central ScienceChemistry is often referred to as “Chemistry is often referred to as “The Central ScienceThe Central Science” ”Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One5Chemistry: Chemistry: The study of the properties and The study of the properties and transformations of matter.transformations of matter.►Matter:Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space Anything that has mass and occupies space – things you can see, touch, taste, or smell. – things you can see, touch, taste, or smell. ►Property:Property: A characteristic that can be used to A characteristic that can be used to describe a substance. Substances have both describe a substance. Substances have both physical and chemical properties.physical and chemical properties.►Transformations: Transformations: A change in the properties of A change in the properties of matter with time. There are physical changes and matter with time. There are physical changes and chemical changes.chemical changes.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One6Substances have both physical and chemical properties.Substances have both physical and chemical properties.►Physical Properties: Physical Properties: Density, color, and melting Density, color, and melting point are physical properties of matter. Observing a point are physical properties of matter. Observing a physical property can be done without altering the physical property can be done without altering the makeup of a substance.makeup of a substance.►Chemical Properties:Chemical Properties: Chemical composition, what Chemical composition, what matter is made of, and chemical reactivity, how matter is made of, and chemical reactivity, how matter behaves, are chemical properties. Observing a matter behaves, are chemical properties. Observing a chemical property alters the substance.chemical property alters the substance.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One7Physical Change:Physical Change: Does not alter the chemical Does not alter the chemical makeup of a substance. makeup of a substance. ►Chemical reactivity is unchanged. Chemical reactivity is unchanged. ►Changes in state, changes in particle size, and Changes in state, changes in particle size, and the formation / separation of mixtures are all the formation / separation of mixtures are all examples of physical change.examples of physical change.►Melting of ice to form liquid water is a physical Melting of ice to form liquid water is a physical change. In this case only a change in form takes change. In this case only a change in form takes place. The chemical makeup of the substance place. The chemical makeup of the substance remains Hremains H22O.O.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One8Chemical ChangeChemical Change: Alters : Alters the makeup of a substance. the makeup of a substance. ►Reactivity changes with Reactivity changes with the formation of new the formation of new substances. substances. ►Heat, light, or electrical Heat, light, or electrical energy is often emitted or energy is often emitted or absorbed. absorbed. ►Potassium reacting with water is an example of a chemical change.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One91.2 States of Matter1.2 States of MatterCommon states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas.Common states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas.►Solid:Solid: A substance that has a definite shape and A substance that has a definite shape and volume. Solids are rigid and dense.volume. Solids are rigid and dense.►Liquid:Liquid: A substance that has a definite volume but A substance that has a definite volume but that changes shape to fill the container. Liquids are that changes shape to fill the container. Liquids are dense and fluid.dense and fluid.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter OneChapter One10Common states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas.Common states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas.►Gas:Gas: A substance that has neither a definite A substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Gases are low density volume nor a definite shape. Gases are low density fluids.fluids.►Substances can exist in each of these three states Substances can exist in each of these three states depending on the pressure and the temperature.