Exercise 7Bone LandmarksAxial SkeletonFrontal BoneZygomatic BoneMaxillaFacial BonesMandibleSlide 9Ethmoid BoneSlide 11Slide 12OrbitCoronal SutureSquamous SutureLambdoid SutureTemporal BoneSlide 18Occipital BoneParietal BoneSagittal SutureSlide 22Slide 23Temporal BoneSphenoid BoneCranium FloorSlide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Sphenoid BoneSlide 32Slide 33SinusesFetal Skull Superior ViewFetal SkullWormian (Sutural) BonesCervical SpineThoracic SpineLumbar SpineSacral SpineCoccyxSacrumSlide 44Slide 45Typical structure of vertebraIntervertebral ForaminaeIntervertebral DiskAnnulus FibrosusNucleus PulposusCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)Slide 52Cervical Vertebrae C1: AtlasCervical Vertebrae C2: AxisCervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined TogetherSlide 56Slide 57Slide 58Thoracic VertebraeSlide 60Lumbar VertebraeSacroiliac JointsSlide 63Hyoid BoneSternumRibs 1-7: True RibsRibs 8-10: False RibsRibs 11 & 12: Floating RibsCostovertebral AngleRibsRibs Attached to Thoracic VertebraeThe EndExercise 7Axial SkeletonPortland Community CollegeBI 231Bone Landmarks•All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions.•Review table 7.1Axial Skeleton•Skull•Spine•Thoracic Cage•Hyoid boneFrontal BoneFrontal BoneFrontal BoneSupraorbital ridgeZygomatic BoneTemporal ProcessZygomatic ArchMaxillaHard PalateFacial BonesMandibleBodyRamusCoronoid ProcessMandibular CondyleAngleMental ForamenAlveolar ProcessFacial BonesPerpendicular Plate (Ethmoid)Middle NasalConchae (Ethmoid)Inferior Nasal ConchaeVomerEthmoid BonePerpendicular PlateMiddle NasalConchaeEthmoid BoneCribriform PlatePerpendicular PlateCristae GalliEthmoid BoneCrista GalliPerpendicular PlateOrbitCoronal SutureBetween the Parietal bones and the Frontal BoneParietal BoneFrontal BoneTemporalBoneOccipital BoneSquamous SutureBetween the Parietal bone and the Temporal BoneParietal BoneFrontal BoneTemporalBoneOccipital BoneLambdoid SutureBetween the Parietal bones and the Occipital BoneParietal BoneFrontal BoneTemporalBoneOccipital BoneTemporal BoneMastoid ProcessZygomatic ArchMandibular fossaExternal Acoustic MeatusStyloid ProcessTemporal BoneTemporal BoneOccipital BoneParietal BoneParietal BoneSagittal SutureParietal Bone(Right)Parietal Bone(Left)Frontal BoneOccipital BoneBetween the Right and Left Parietal bonesOccipital BoneExternal occipitalprotuberance Occipital CondylesForamen MagnumPalatine BoneVomerTemporal BoneJugular ForamenCarotid CanalSphenoid BoneSphenoidal SinusPterygoid ProcessCraniumFloorAnterior Cranial FossaMiddle Cranial FossaPosteriorCranial FossaFrontal BoneFrontal SinusParietal BoneParietal BoneTemporal BoneTemporal BoneTemporal BoneMandibleMylohyoid LineMandibular ForamenSphenoid BoneGreater WingLesser WingSella TurcicaSphenoidBoneHypophyseal FossaDorsum SellaSphenoid BoneLesser WingGreater WingPterygoid ProcessMedial Pterygoid PlateLateral Pterygoid PlateSinusesFrontalEthmoid Air CellsMaxillarySphenoidalFetal SkullSuperior ViewFetal SkullWormian (Sutural) BonesSmall islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures.Present in varying amountsCervical Spine•7 Vertebra•C1-C7•Concave PosteriorThoracic Spine•12 Vertebra•T1-T12•Convex Posterior•Attach to the ribsLumbar Spine•5 Vertebra•L1-L5•Concave PosteriorSacral Spine•5 Fused Vertebra•“Sacrum”Coccyx•4 Fused VertebraSacrum5 Fused VertebraeSacrumSacral ForaminaSacrumSacral PromontoryTypical structure of vertebraIntervertebral ForaminaeIntervertebral DiskAnnulus Fibrosus(Fibrocartilage)Nucleus PulposusCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)BODYVertebralForamenCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)Transverse ProcessesTransverse ForamenCervical Vertebrae C1: AtlasSuperior Articular FacetCervical Vertebrae C2: AxisOdontoid Process (Dens)Cervical VertebraeC1 & C2 Joined TogetherCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)Bifid Spinous ProcessCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)Superior Articular FacetSuperior Articular ProcessCervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)Vertebral ArchThoracic VertebraeSpinous ProcessThoracic VertebraeCostal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)Lumbar VertebraeBODYSacroiliac JointsCoccyx4 Rudimentary VertebraeHyoid BoneGreater HornLesser HornBODYSternumManubriumBodyXiphoid ProcessSternal AngleRibs 1-7: True RibsRibs 8-10: False RibsRibs 11 & 12: Floating RibsCostovertebral AngleRibsRibs Attached to Thoracic VertebraeThe