Hardware - Inside the BoxOffice HoursAnnouncementsToday’s InformationMetric SystemSlide 6Bits & BytesMillions vs. BinaryBytes and MP3sSlide 10Computer SpeedTaking a TestTwo things determine functionEvolution of Intel Microprocessors and Pursuit by AMD ProcessorsLeft off hereEvolution of the Intel MicroprocessorAMD – Advanced Micro DevicesPentium IV and 0.13 u transisorsSize of a Dinner Plate 120 billion transistors!Important Microprocessor QualitiesAthlon vs. PentiumAthlon XP ProcessorsBenchmark TestDoubling of Processor SpeedMemory - RAMTypes of RAMAdding new RAMChoosing a RAM ChipRAM PricesAnalogyMotherboardsMotherboards and MicroprocessorsTwo-way Communication: ModemCable ModemsStorage MediaStorage: MagneticStorage: Optical Read OnlyCD Burners – Optical Read/WriteHardware - Inside the BoxHardware - Inside the BoxQuestion: What is the central brain, inside Question: What is the central brain, inside the box, through which all information the box, through which all information goes?goes?Office HoursOffice HoursDr. UrquhartDr. UrquhartMonday 11:10-12Monday 11:10-12Tuesday 2-4 pmTuesday 2-4 pmWednesday 11:10-12Wednesday 11:10-12TAsTAsBen Ellis: Monday 6-8Ben Ellis: Monday 6-8Andy Speirs: Tuesday 6:45-8:45Andy Speirs: Tuesday 6:45-8:45Kash Siddiqui: Wednesday 7-9Kash Siddiqui: Wednesday 7-9Ben Ellis: Thursday 5:45-7:45Ben Ellis: Thursday 5:45-7:45AnnouncementsAnnouncementsREADINGSREADINGS on Website under on Website under RESOURCESRESOURCESOverview of how Microprocessors are Overview of how Microprocessors are mademadeSummary of current INTEL LineupSummary of current INTEL LineupAMD ProcessorsAMD ProcessorsBOLDBOLD are required are requiredToday’s InformationToday’s InformationMicroprocessorsMicroprocessorsMotherboardsMotherboardsBuses, Slots, and PortsBuses, Slots, and PortsStorageStorageMetric SystemMetric SystemKilo = Kilo = Mega =Mega =Giga =Giga =Tera =Tera =These terms are used frequently to These terms are used frequently to describe storage and speed in computersdescribe storage and speed in computersMetric SystemMetric SystemKilo = 1000Kilo = 1000Mega = 1,000,000 = 1 millionMega = 1,000,000 = 1 millionGiga = 1,000,000,000 = 1 billionGiga = 1,000,000,000 = 1 billionTera = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 trillionTera = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1 trillionThese terms are used frequently to These terms are used frequently to describe storage and speed in computersdescribe storage and speed in computersBits & BytesBits & Bytes1 Byte = 8 bits = 8 1s or 0s in any 1 Byte = 8 bits = 8 1s or 0s in any combination combination 10100011101000111 KB = Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes (21 KB = Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes (21010))1 MB = Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes = 21 MB = Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes = 22020 BytesBytes1 GB = Gigabyte =1024 Megabytes = 21 GB = Gigabyte =1024 Megabytes = 23030 Bytes (1073741824 Bytes)Bytes (1073741824 Bytes)Millions vs. BinaryMillions vs. Binary1 KB = Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes (21 KB = Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes (21010))1 MB = Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes = 21 MB = Megabyte = 1024 Kilobytes = 22020 BytesBytes1 GB = Gigabyte =1024 Megabytes = 21 GB = Gigabyte =1024 Megabytes = 23030 Bytes (1,073,741,824 Bytes)Bytes (1,073,741,824 Bytes)Hard drive companies: 1 GB = 10Hard drive companies: 1 GB = 1099 Bytes Bytes1,000,000,0001,000,000,0001073741824/1000000000 = 1.0731073741824/1000000000 = 1.0737% shortchange on hard drive capacity7% shortchange on hard drive capacityBytes and MP3sBytes and MP3sIf each song is 3 MB, how many songs If each song is 3 MB, how many songs can you put on a 120 GB hard drive?can you put on a 120 GB hard drive?Use 1,000,000,000 for your GB sizeUse 1,000,000,000 for your GB sizeUse 1,000,000 for your MB sizeUse 1,000,000 for your MB size*If you have a calculator, try again using *If you have a calculator, try again using 1,000,000,000 for GB and 21,000,000,000 for GB and 22020 for MB for MBBytes and MP3sBytes and MP3sIf each song is 3 MB, how many songs If each song is 3 MB, how many songs can you put on a 120 GB hard drive?can you put on a 120 GB hard drive?There are either 1024 MB/GB or 1000 There are either 1024 MB/GB or 1000 MB/GBMB/GB120 GB x 1024 MB per GB/3 MB=40,960120 GB x 1024 MB per GB/3 MB=40,960120 x 1000/3 = 40,000120 x 1000/3 = 40,000Difference = 960 songsDifference = 960 songsComputer SpeedComputer SpeedHz = Hertz = Cycles/second = once per Hz = Hertz = Cycles/second = once per secondsecondMHz = Megahertz = Million cycles/secondMHz = Megahertz = Million cycles/secondGHz = Gigahertz = Billion cycles/secondGHz = Gigahertz = Billion cycles/secondTypical processor today runs at 2 GHz!Typical processor today runs at 2 GHz!That’s 2 Billion times a second it can cycle That’s 2 Billion times a second it can cycle information!information!Taking a TestTaking a TestWould you rather have a faster brain or Would you rather have a faster brain or one with more stuff stored in it when you one with more stuff stored in it when you take a test?take a test?Two things determine functionTwo things determine functionProcessor SpeedProcessor SpeedThis is the speed at which information is This is the speed at which information is processedprocessedRAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory)This is how much information is available for This is how much information is available for rapid processingrapid processingEvolution of Intel MicroprocessorsEvolution of Intel Microprocessorsand Pursuit by AMD Processorsand Pursuit by AMD Processors8088802868038680486PentiumPentium ProPentium IIPentium III AMD 386AMD 486AMD K5AMD K6AMD K6-IIAMD K6-IIICeleron(Castrated Pentiums)AthlonPentium IV DuronLeft off hereLeft off hereEvolution of the Intel Evolution of the Intel MicroprocessorMicroprocessorAMD – Advanced Micro DevicesAMD – Advanced Micro DevicesSecond largest microprocessor Second largest microprocessor manufacturermanufacturerAlways following Intel in developmentAlways following Intel in developmentFor a while leapt ahead of Intel with early For a while leapt ahead of Intel with early AthlonAthlonPentium IV and 0.13 u transisorsPentium IV and 0.13 u transisorsMicron is Micrometer, Micron is Micrometer, μμm, 10m, 10-6-6 m m1/10001/1000thth of one milimeter! of one milimeter!Current Pentium IV transistor is 0.13 Current Pentium IV transistor is 0.13 microns (eight fit in one micron)microns (eight fit in one micron)Next generation 0.09 microns (90 Next generation 0.09 microns (90