String and General ProceduresAnswer to the last question of Exam 1Statistics of Exam 1Slide 4StringsString Variables& Adding Two Strings &Adding text to a String VariableSpacingString RelationshipsString FunctionsSlide 12Mid StringInStr() – In StringWorking with Text StringsNumeric FunctionsProceduresEvent ProcedureGeneral ProceduresWhy using general procedures?Passing arguments to a procedureA computer without a output device?Functions procedureHomeworkString and General ProceduresString and General ProceduresAnswer to the last question of Answer to the last question of Exam 1Exam 1StartGet a numberDivide the NumberBy 2Is the quotient Equal to 1?PrintThe Remainto the left of previous remains NoPrint 1To the left ofPrevious remainsEndYesOutput numberIf numberEqual to 1 or0YesNoStatistics of Exam 1Statistics of Exam 1Max: 98Max: 98Average: 75.18Average: 75.18Median: 75Median: 75StringsStringsStrings are variables that hold letters, Strings are variables that hold letters, words, sentences, or even numberswords, sentences, or even numbersString holds a bunch of ASCII codes.String holds a bunch of ASCII codes.You can not do mathematical operations on You can not do mathematical operations on string.string.So you need to use Val(string) function to So you need to use Val(string) function to convert strings to numbers.convert strings to numbers.String VariablesString VariablesDeclaring StringsDeclaring StringsDim Phrase1 As StringDim Phrase1 As StringAssigning value to a string variableAssigning value to a string variable–Phrase1 = “Hello”Phrase1 = “Hello”Phrase1Hello72101108108111ASCII code& Adding Two Strings && Adding Two Strings &Phrase1 = TextBox1.TextPhrase1 = TextBox1.TextPhrase2 = TextBox2.TextPhrase2 = TextBox2.TextSentence = Phrase1 & Phrase2Sentence = Phrase1 & Phrase2Adding two strings is called Adding two strings is called ““CONCATENATINGCONCATENATING””Adding text to a String VariableAdding text to a String VariableDim TheAnswer as StringDim TheAnswer as StringTheAnswer = “a plague upon society!”TheAnswer = “a plague upon society!”Sentence= “Boy Bands are ” & “TheAnswer”Sentence= “Boy Bands are ” & “TheAnswer”Sentence= “Boy Bands are ” & TheAnswerSentence= “Boy Bands are ” & TheAnswerSpacingSpacingSpacing: Does not insert spaces for youSpacing: Does not insert spaces for you–““This is” & “not right” This is” & “not right”  This isnot rightThis isnot right–““This is ” & “right” This is ” & “right”  This is rightThis is rightSpace itself has an ASCII code, Space itself has an ASCII code, which is 32 (10 base), or 00100000 which is 32 (10 base), or 00100000 (binary)(binary)String RelationshipsString RelationshipsString can be compared.String can be compared.StringA = StringB : comparing if two string StringA = StringB : comparing if two string is identical.is identical.StringA <> StringB : different fromStringA <> StringB : different from–““Hello” <> “hello” is true.Hello” <> “hello” is true.StringA < StringB : if the string A will StringA < StringB : if the string A will appear earlier in a dictionary than B.appear earlier in a dictionary than B.>, <=, >=>, <=, >=String FunctionsString FunctionsFunctions are built in processes that do Functions are built in processes that do something to a variable or piece of something to a variable or piece of informationinformationFunctions have Functions have ARGUMENTSARGUMENTS, or values , or values that you put into themthat you put into themARGUMENTS go inside parenthesesARGUMENTS go inside parenthesesLeft(“fanatic”, 3) Left(“fanatic”, 3) Left(fanatic, 3)Left(fanatic, 3)String FunctionsString FunctionsLen(string) – finds lengthLen(string) – finds lengthLeft(string, n) takes left most Left(string, n) takes left most nn characterscharactersRight(string, n) does same from rightRight(string, n) does same from rightUcase(string) makes string UPPERCASEUcase(string) makes string UPPERCASETrim(string) – takes spaces off endsTrim(string) – takes spaces off endsMid(string, start, length) – takes a string from Mid(string, start, length) – takes a string from middle (great for dividing strings up into pieces)middle (great for dividing strings up into pieces)InStr(string, substring) searches for substring in InStr(string, substring) searches for substring in stringstringMid StringMid StringDNA=“ACGTGACACTGAC”DNA=“ACGTGACACTGAC”Base1=Mid(DNA, 1, 1)Base1=Mid(DNA, 1, 1) “A” “A”Base2=Mid(DNA, 2, Base2=Mid(DNA, 2, 44)) “CGTG” “CGTG”......Base6=Mid(DNA, 6, Base6=Mid(DNA, 6, 22)) “AC” “AC”InStrInStr()() – In String – In StringDNA=“ACGTGACACTGAC”DNA=“ACGTGACACTGAC”Location=InStr(DNA, “CACTG”)Location=InStr(DNA, “CACTG”)Returns location of first character of substringReturns location of first character of substringWorking with Text StringsWorking with Text StringsComparison = means “Comparison = means “identical toidentical to””““yes” is not equal to “Yes”yes” is not equal to “Yes”““yes “ is not equal to “yes”yes “ is not equal to “yes”Prepare strings for comparisonPrepare strings for comparison–answer = Ucase(answer) answer = Ucase(answer) – makes it all caps– makes it all caps–answer = Trim(answer) answer = Trim(answer) – takes off spaces– takes off spacesThen, compare to all caps!Then, compare to all caps! –if answer = “YES” thenif answer = “YES” thenNumeric FunctionsNumeric Functionsanswer = Sqr(varNum)answer = Sqr(varNum)answer = Int(varNum)answer = Int(varNum) – – truncatestruncates (cuts (cuts off decimal stuff) and makes integer off decimal stuff) and makes integer Int(3.7) Int(3.7)  3 3Int(-2.34) Int(-2.34)  -2 -2answer= Round(varNum)answer= Round(varNum) – rounds number – rounds numberRound(3.7)Round(3.7)  4 4ProceduresProceduresString and numeric functions belong to a String and numeric functions belong to a VB category called “procedure”VB category called “procedure”Procedures are pre-defined code fragments.Procedures are pre-defined code fragments.There are three types of procedures.There are three types of procedures.–Event procedure (event