Flow chart and AlgorithmAnnouncementExam Next WednesdayToday’s TopicsProblem SolvingAlgorithmsFour algorithmsProblem to SolveExample of AlgorithmSequence of StepsAlgorithm ExampleMailing a LetterFlowchartsFlowchart ElementsSlide 15Flowchart ChecklistDecimal number to binary number:Decimal number to binary numberPseudo codeElements of pseudo codeExample: Binary2DecimalBinary-ASCII conversionSteps in Binary-ASCIIPre-lab AssignmentFlow chart and AlgorithmAnnouncementExam One–Wednesday October 1st–100 points–Mixture of short answer, problem solving, matching, and maybe a multiple choice questionMonday class will be held as a review session.Exam Next WednesdayHistory of ComputersHardware – inside and outsideSoftware – Microsoft Word, ExcelSpread sheet and dataOperating Systems and Computer SecurityPirates of Silicon ValleyWriting Lab ReportsBinary MathematicsFlowcharts and AlgorithmsToday’s TopicsAlgorithms FlowchartsPseudo codeProblem SolvingFor the rest of the semester, we will practice problem-solving. If you learn nothing else from this class, I would like you to learn to take a good approach to problem solvingAlgorithmsTo solve a problem, you got to figure out how to solve it by yourself.To make a computer solve a problem, you need to you have to tell the computer, step by step, exactly what you want it to do. The computer then "executes" the program, following each step mechanically, to accomplish the end goal. Algorithm: Sequence of step-by-step instructions that will produce a solution to a problemFour algorithmsThe taxi algorithm: –Go to the taxi stand. –Get in a taxi. –Give the driver my address. The call-me algorithm: –When your plane arrives, call my cell phone. –Meet me outside baggage claim. The rent-a-car algorithm: –Take the shuttle to the rental car place. –Rent a car. –Follow the directions to get to my house. The bus algorithm: –Outside baggage claim, catch bus number 70. –Transfer to bus 14 on Main Street. –Get off on Grand River Ave. –Walk two blocks north to my house.Problem to SolveWhat steps would you propose to solve the following problem?–You are dirty and want to clean up–Solution: Take a showerWhat are the steps?Example of AlgorithmTake clothes offTurn on waterStep into showerWash faceWash bodyShampoo hairTurn water offDry offGet dressedProblem:You are dirtySolution:Take a showerHow:Take a ShowerAlgorithmTake a Shower AlgorithmSequence of StepsFairly regular order of events–must take clothes off first–cannot dry off before washingCannot skip steps to complete jobResult orientedTermination of algorithm after resultAlgorithm ExampleDefine the algorithm for mailing a letter, from obtaining the envelope to placing it in the mailboxMailing a LetterObtain EnvelopeIf letter is too big, fold letterPlace letter in envelopeAddress EnvelopeSeal envelopeObtain stampAffix stampPlace in mailboxFlowchartsFlowcharts are graphical and verbal illustrations of algorithmsFlowcharts are useful in describing any step-by-step procedureFlowcharts make it easier to create programming codeFlowchart Elementsread xprint yx = y * xbeginif x > 0start, endinputoutputcomputationcomparisonor decisionSpecific shapes have specific roles in a flowchart ...TFDoAssignment#5Pre-defined process, usually complexFlowchartsobtainenvelopeIs letterbigger thanenvelope?yesfold letterinsert intoenvelopenoaddress envelopeaffix stampplace inmailboxobtain stampendstartsealenveloperaise flagFlowchart ChecklistAll major elements of the algorithm are indicated.The elements are clearly labeled.Sequence of elements is clear and there are no gaps or dead ends.Sequence of elements is logical from user's point of view.Flowchart symbols are used correctly.Decimal number to binary number:Decimal number to binary numberStartGet a numberDivide the NumberBy 2Is the quotient Equal to 1?PrintThe Remainto the left of previous remains NoPrint 1To the left ofPrevious remainsEndYesPseudo codeFlow chart in a text form.More like a computer program, but with human language.Can be easily translated into computer languages.Elements of pseudo codeIF condition is true THENProcess step (1)ELSEProcess step (2)GOTO–Unconditional jumpIf conditionIs true Process Step (1)ProcessStep (2)Example: Binary2Decimal1. Get a number2. IF the number is equal to 1 or 0Print the number; END3. Divide the number by 24. IF quotient is 1 THENPrint 1 to the left of the previous remains5. ELSEPrint the remain to the left of previous remains. GOTO 36. ENDBinary-ASCII conversionEach letter is represented by an 8-bit binary number, called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange. )Binary to Base TenBase Ten to ASCIIDetails?Steps in Binary-ASCIIInput numberBreak number up into eight bitsCompute base two values for each bitSum base two values to get base ten valueUsing base ten number, look in ASCII chartOutput ASCII characterIs there another number?Repeat procedurePre-lab AssignmentUsing the steps of the Binary-ASCII conversion, create a flowchart, using the proper shapes, arrows, etc.In Friday’s Lab we will use Powerpoint to create flow