HIST 1312 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 13Lecture 1 (January 13)The End of the Civil War and ReconstructionWhen was the end of the Civil War? What did it bring about?The Civil War ended in April 1865, although the last battle was fought in September. The Union won so the South was rejoined with the North and slaves were freed (in the South).What was Reconstruction?When the South was accepted back into the Union they had to undergo Reconstruction. This gave them time to rebuild their cities, but the north had restrictions on the South and many Southerners who were generals in their army were unable to vote because of this.When was Lincoln assassinated? Who became President after he died?Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in April 1865. After he died his vice president, Andrew Johnson became the next President. Johnson was opposed to the rights of free blacks and he was the first president to be tried for impeachment for trying to fire his Secretary of WarEdwin Stanton, although he was found not guilty by one vote. What was the Freedman’s Bureau? The Freedman’s Bureau is where people in the South went to write down their names and where they relocated so their husbands or children could find them when they came back from the war.What was the 13th Amendment?The 13th Amendment was made in 1865 when Lincoln pushed Congress to pass it. This amendment abolished slavery and prohibits involuntary servitude except in cases of incarcerated powers. This amendment also freed those slaves who lived in the North during the Civil War who had not been freed earlier by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. What was the 14th Amendment?The 14th Amendment states that any person born within the U.S. are citizens of the U.S. It also guaranteed equal protection under the law and every citizen’s right to due process. Thisprohibits states from abridging the rights of any citizen. The government can no longer take away your property, life, or liberty without due process unless in cases involving the I.R.S.What was the 15th Amendment?The 15th Amendment prohibits the violation of the rights of citizens to vote because of their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. So now blacks can vote as well as whites, although the whites tried their hardest to stop this from happening by intimidating or killing blacks if they felt necessary.Lecture 2 (January 15) The Three Phases of ReconstructionWhat was involved in the Presidential Reconstruction?Lincoln created a 10% plan, a deal in which he made with the South. He said that if 10% of southerners voted in the 1860 election to rejoin the Union then that particular southern state would be back in the ‘right relationship’ with the Union. Meaning that the Union would forgive all war debts and reconstruction would end faster for the states that voted to be back in the Union. What acts were involved in the Congressional Reconstruction? What are the 5 military districts?The Command of the Army Act was passed in 1867 and it required President Johnson to issue allmilitary orders through the General of the Army, Ulysses S. Grant, instead of dealing directly with the military. This act kept any interference with Reconstruction at a minimum. The Tenure of Office Act was created in 1867 to restrict the President’s power (specifically President Johnson at this time) to remove office-holders without the approval of the Senate. The South is divided into 5 military districts in 1867. 1 is Virginia, 2 is North and South Carolina, 3 is Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, 4 is Arkansas and Mississippi, and 5 is Texas and Louisiana. By dividing these rebel states Congress had more efficient rule over them.What was involved in the Black/Radical Reconstruction? What was the K.K.K? What was the Mississippi Plan?The K.K.K. began to form around the 1860’s with the freedom of blacks. Once blacks were given the right to vote white Anglo-Saxon Protestants formed a group called the K.K.K. to protest black rights. They would stand at voting doors to intimidate blacks from voting and they would lynch blacks as well. The first Force Act in 1870 against the Ku Klux Klan, established penalties for people hindering other citizen’s rights to vote. The Force Act of 1871 allowed members of the K.K.K. to either be tried or shot on sight.The Mississippi Plan was organized by southern whites who wanted to keep blacks and southerners who supported the north from voting. They formed Rifle Clubs and stood outside the voting entrance, making it difficult for blacks to enter. Many blacks were discouraged from voting in the South because of this.Lecture 3 (January 17)The Panic of 1873 and the Election of 1876Why was there a Panic in 1873?Greenbacks were a paper currency issued during the Civil War. Army veterans came back from the war and had to use greenbacks as legal tender even though they were not backed by gold orsilver. The government cannot back greenbacks so they are no longer legal tender so army vets can no longer use them. The demonetarization of silver by the government made the reserve for silver very small so people could no longer sell it. This sets back companies who now have topay for their loans all up front. They can’t afford it so they fire some of their workers, making their workers unemployed and in debt because of this people start moving west. Who was involved in the election of 1876?The election of 1876 was between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden. Tilden was a southern democrat and Hayes was a northern republican. When voting there is supposed to be 6 identical votes from the Electoral College, but in Florida there were 3 votes for Hayes and 3 votes for Tilden. To prevent the presidential process from going to the House of RepresentativesTilden made a bargain with Hayes. Tilden would let Hayes win if he promised to end reconstruction in the South. So Hayes wins the election.What happened to the Indians at this time? What were the two significant battles? What is the effect of buffalo hunters?With the emergence of railroads, railroad towns were being formed on Indian lands and this made the Indians mad. In the Battle of Little Big Horn the U.S. army was called in to stop the Indians’ violence towards new settlers moving west. When the U.S. army came in the Indians defeated them at the Battle of Little Big Horn also known as Custer’s Last Stand. There was a series of battles between the Indians and the U.S. army and the last