HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. ImmigrationA. IrishB. GermansC. Chinese II. Rise of the CityA. TenementsB. SanitationC. Sewer SystemOutline of Current Lecture I. TransportationA. Suspension Bridges-NYCII. CommunicationA. TelephoneB. Marconi’s WirelessIII. LiteratureA. International Copyright AgreementB. Etiquette BooksIV. ArtV. SportsVI. EducationCurrent Lecturel.A. Henry Bessemer invented a very strong steel by heating iron and putting carbon in it. Because this was cost affective, railways were in high demand for this. This steel was alsoused to make a suspension bridge. A suspension bridge required steel cables and anchors. To create these anchors on the river floor they had to have people go down there and carve it out. So they used diving bells, suits used underwater, to do this. After the suspension bridge Boston created underground railways called subways, Chicago created the overhead rail, and San Francisco made the electric cable car, because they were prone to earthquakes.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ll.A. Alexander Graham Bell wanted to invent something that the deaf could use, a type of vibration machine. When he experimented he discovered that a wire could teleport sound, he had invented the telephone. Telephone systems now needed an operator to connect the wires to the people someone wanted to call, so young boys were hired to do this job. However, it was in a tight space where they kept bumping into each other so fights broke out, and from then on mostly women were hired as telephone operators. The telephone opened up trade and communication.B. Marconi had an idea that the air could carry sound, so he set up two huge towers in North America and England and created wireless sound. Ships used these sound waves to communicate with each other, and this technology later gets transformed into the radio, tv, and wireless technology that we use today.lll.A. Authors in the late 1800’s would get royalties on the books they published, typically 10%. However, someone could publish that same book in a different country, claiming that it’s their own book, and get the royalties that should’ve been the authors. The international copyright agreement helped authors keep their royalties internationally. Ben Hur was the #1 bestselling book at this time, this was the first gladiator book.B. Many people started publishing etiquette books for those who didn’t know how to conduct themselves in a proper wealthy manner. Women had to place everyone in the right seats and get the correct number of plates, silverware, and glass cups when guests came over. So etiquette books became very popular around this time.lV.Art reflects society. At this time many people in America were moving west, so many western paintings came out to reflect this move. There were a lot of big scenes of nature, with open vastland and cattle and horses, and cowboys. These western paintings were painted to reflect the image of moving west.V.Sports in the late 1800’s revolved around baseball. Baseball became America’s past time. Around this time the rules for basketball were written down. People who played these sports in the 1800’s did not get paid much, because most men worked full weeks and had little time to become a professional baseball player and live of those wages. People who played baseball for aliving did it because they loved the sport.Vl.Education before this time consisted of practice and degree. If someone wanted to become a lawyer they would read the law with another lawyer for six months and then they would become a lawyer. To read the law someone has to look at proceeding cases, court reasoning, and the court decision. After the 1800’s they made education more difficult. People who wanted to become lawyers now had to go to at least 3 more years of law school to become a lawyer, because there was an influx of universities and colleges for people to attend. However, college was expensive so only wealthy elite men went to college because they were the only ones who could afford it, women were kicked out of the workplace and having multiple jobs became