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by Chester E. Finn, Jr.,Liam Julian, andMichael J. Pet rilli INCLUDING It Takes a Vision: How Three States Created GreatAcademic StandardsBy Joanne JacobsAUGUST 20062006The State of State STANDARDS1701 K Street, NWSuite 1000Washington, D.C., 20006202-223-5452202-223-9226 Faxwww.edexcellence.netThe Thomas B. Fordham Foundation is a nonprofit organization that conducts research, issues publications, anddirects action projects in elementary/secondary education reform at the national level and in Ohio, with specialemphasis on our hometown of Dayton. It is affiliated with the Thomas B. Fordham Foundation.Further information can be found at www.edexcellence.net/institute or by writing to the Institute at:1701 K Street, NW Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20006 This report is available in full on the Institute’s web site; additional copies can be ordered at www.edexcellence.net/institute/publication/order.cfm or by calling 410-634-2400. The Institute is neither connected with nor sponsored byFordham University.TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Introduction: The State of State Standards 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8It Takes a Vision: How Three States Created Great Academic StandardsBy Joanne Jacobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Reviews of State StandardsAlabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . 58Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Rhode Island . …
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