11 479 Water Sanitation Infrastructure Planning Spring 2004 Writing effective policy memos What is a policy memo A policy memo is a document that provides analysis and or recommendations for a particular audience regarding a particular situation or problem A well written policy memo reflects attention to purpose it is well organized and it has a clear concise style Determining and responding to your audience In most cases you will know the audience for your work because 1 you have been hired by that individual or organization or 2 your instructor provides that information to you Think carefully about the needs and expectations of your audience For example if your audience is an elected official seeking analysis on a highly technical matter you should generally assume that the official lacks substantial technical expertise You will need to define technical terms and provide enough background about the situation you are discussing that such a lay audience can grasp your arguments On the other hand if you are writing for a technically trained audience you will waste time and energy providing background information that your readers already know Organizing an effective policy memo Introduction One distinguishing characteristic of a policy memo is that a summary of the document s conclusion s and recommendation s is placed right at the beginning of the memo Remember that the purpose of the document is generally to provide your audience advice about a particular decision project or policy stance Thus you open the memo by summarizing the problem or situation about which you are writing and by providing a very brief summary of the conclusions recommendations you have reached during your analysis The rest of the memo is designed to support the conclusions or recommendations you present Background Keeping in mind that different audiences need different amounts of background information see above follow your introduction with a concise summary of any historical or technical that your audience needs to understand the arguments you are building It may be that no background information is needed at all Supporting arguments or analysis Once you have set the stage for your audience show how this information leads logically to the conclusions recommendations you have provided 1 11 479 Water Sanitation Infrastructure Planning Spring 2004 Style and format Your ideas will be no more meaningful to the reader of your memo than you are able to make them Meaning is not just embellished by style rather the two must function together Muddled writing reflects hazy thinking Your prose should be simple clear and easy to read you will confuse not impress your readers with sophisticated vocabulary Your reader should be able to describe your conclusions and the general arguments you used to reach them after only one reading of your memo Some tips on achieving an effective writing style 1 Choose the simplest words available to express your ideas When discussing technical information avoid the use of jargon or at least define your terms clearly 2 Make your sentences active avoid phrases such as there are or it is 3 Use one paragraph to develop one idea or argument Make that idea or argument explicit within the first one or two sentences of the paragraph 4 PROOFREAD CAREFULLY Don t distract your readers from the content of your memo with poor spelling or grammar The format of the memo should be as follows 1 Memos must be typed on 8 5 X 11 or A4 paper with margins of one inch on all sides 2 Paragraphs should be single spaced and should be separated by a double space 3 You may use any standard conventions for the layout of your memo including numbering bullets indentation etc Do address the memo to your audience at the top of the page See the attached sample for a suggested layout Length The length of your policy memo assignment will be announced in class Do not exceed this length limit I am enforcing this rule for several reasons 1 I assume that you will continue to write persuasive documents for clients and or colleagues in the future Like you most of these people are busy They rarely have time to review lengthy documents these generally wind up unread in a filing cabinet or waste basket I m hoping to help you craft documents that are concise and of use to your clients or colleagues 2 Confining yourself to a particular page limit encourages careful editing establishing priorities and paring your arguments down In general these practices also improve the flow and impact of your writing 3 Tightly written policy memos have a much better chance of influencing others toward a particular point of view 2 11 479 Water Sanitation Infrastructure Planning Spring 2004 Getting help I strongly recommend that you exchange your memos with other students in the class for proofreading and editing before you submit them You can help one another with suggestions for clarity and content of your assignments 3 11 479 Water Sanitation Infrastructure Planning Spring 2004 MEMORANDUM TO Dr Jane Doe President Commission for Economic Sustainability FROM David R Ortiz Analyst DATE 7 October 1995 RE Fuelwood management in Country Central Introduction The situation regarding fuelwood availability in Country Central is not yet at a crisis stage Forests and arable land are readily available for use by the people Deforestation is minimal compared to our neighboring counties Yet economic conditions force the majority of the fuelwood to be collected illegally I propose three major reforms to alleviate the problem of illegal fuelwood collection First we should offer individual communities small plots of forest for tenuring Second we should establish a network of regional fuelwood management offices to monitor the illegal trade of fuelwood to encourage fuel efficiency and to offer technical assistance for the sustainable use of tenured forests Third a system of forest plantations should be developed to ensure future fuelwood supplies Current land tenure situation in County Central Residents will continue to collect fuelwood illegally until they are otherwise guaranteed a supply Land tenure offers the beneficiaries a direct reimbursement for their efforts A number of key points support a system of land tenure 1 The rural population does not have a financial means to purchase land at this time Foreign ownership as well as ownership by the wealthy of County Central could lead to limited access to forests for the poor This maldistribution of forest