LAMENESSSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5LAMINITIS - FOUNDERSlide 7ACUTE LAMINITISCHRONIC LAMINITISSlide 10LAMINITIS – FOUNDER Contributing FactorsSlide 12LAMINITIS - TREATMENTLAMINITIS TREATMENTNavicular SyndromeSlide 16Slide 17NAVICULAR SYNDROME CONTRIBUTING FACTORSNAVICULAR SYNDROMESlide 20Slide 21LAMENESSPredisposing factors:•Immaturity for hard work (racing 2-year olds)•Faulty conformation•Poor condition or conditioning•Nutritional deficiencies or imbalances•Fatigue - tendon and ligament sprains•Improper shoeing•Illness•Local leg infectionsLAMENESS•WARNING•Change In Posture•WARNING•Performance Clues•WARNING•Chronically uncomfortable horsesLAMENESS•General Signs: Head bobbing, dropping hip, pointing, strong digital pulseLAMENESS•Increased heat•Changes in shape or size•Discolored spots on sole•Abnormal wear patterns•Soft swelling•Thickening of tendons•Hard lumpsLAMENESSBACK PROBLEMS•Poor shoeing•Poorly balanced diet•Turning out a fresh horse•Inadequate dental care & bitting problems•Improper training, riding techniques•Cold water on a hot back•Inadequate warm-up & cool-down•Poorly fitting saddle &/or dirty padding•Leaving the cinch too tight for too long•Inadequate groomingLAMINITIS - FOUNDER•Prognosis–30% return to soundness–10% intermittently lame–10% permanent severe lameness–50% death•Sudden •Shifting weight•Stilted, shuffling gait•Fore feet extended – hind feet under the center of the body •Reluctant to moveACUTE LAMINITISACUTE LAMINITIS•Resists lifting feet•Elevated heart rate•Sweaty•Distressed•Strong digital pulseCHRONIC LAMINITIS•Pressure on the sole from a rotated or sunken pedal bone•Breakdown of the hoof wall-pedal bone bond•Permanent changes in blood supply to the hoof wallCHRONIC LAMINITISMore susceptible to:Sole bruisesAbscessesFlaring & separation of the wall at the toeInfection beneath the separated wallHoof wall cracksDegeneration of the tip of the pedal boneChronic lamenessSlowed hoof wall growthLAMINITIS – FOUNDERContributing Factors•Bacterial Toxin–Colic–Colitis–Potomac Horse Fever–Pleuropneumonia–Endometritis–Water founder–Postoperative colic–Black walnut wood shavingsLAMINITIS – FOUNDERContributing Factors•Carbohydrate overload•Severe dehydration or shock•Corticosteriods•Pituitary gland dysfunction in older horses•Extreme load•Repeated concussion (“road founder”)•Stress relatedLAMINITIS - TREATMENT•Prevent or limit coffin bone rotation–Frog support–Wedges & trimming–Reverse shoes–Deep bedding–Restricted exercise–SurgeryLAMINITIS TREATMENT•Relieve the pain–Medications–Poultices –Nerve blocks•Improve blood flow in feet–MedicationsNavicular SyndromeNavicular SyndromeWeight BearingActivates navicular boneCompression of navicular bone Tension of supporting ligamentsCartilage degeneration,Especially on flexor surfaceAbrasion of flexorTendon by eroded cartilageAbnormal increaseIn bone densityNavicular Bursitis?Fracture?Navicular SyndromeWeight BearingActivates navicular boneCompression of navicular boneTension of supporting ligamentsLigament strain &Inflammation, especiallyAt bottomReduced blood flowTo & from navicularboneCavities (“flasks” or“lollipops”) along lower edgeLoss of boneDensity around vesselsIncreased bloodPressure within navicularboneTearing ofLigament(s)?New bone Production atSides (“canoeing”)Compensation fromVessels at upper edgeNAVICULAR SYNDROME CONTRIBUTING FACTORS •Foot shape–Long toes, low heels–Narrow, upright feet–Improper trimming, shoeing•ActivityNAVICULAR SYNDROME Signs•Appears slowly•Lameness gets progressively worse•Horse tries to land toe first •Intermittent lameness•Heels contract & riseNAVICULAR SYNDROME Treatment•Shoeing•Training•Drugs–Vasodilators–Anti-inflammatory•Surgery – Palmar Digital NeurectomyLAMENESSPREVENTATIVE MEASURES•Icing & cold hosing•Massage•Stable wraps•Topical