Equine BehaviorWhat Affects Behavior?Slide 3Slide 4VISIONVisual SignsSlide 7Horse Behavior Social OrganizationSocial OrganizationTen Natural Survival TraitsSlide 11Slide 12Types of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorHorse BehaviorTypes of Horse Behavior Investigative BehaviorSlide 17Types of Horse Behavior Agonistic BehaviorSlide 19Slide 20ActivityAverage Time Budgets For HorsesBehavioral Considerations in Equine HandlingStressResponses To Harmful StressEquine StereotypesSlide 27Slide 28Slide 29EQUINE VICESSlide 31Slide 32Equine BehaviorEquine BehaviorWhat Affects Behavior?What Affects Behavior?EnvironmentEnvironmentExperienExperiencescesDietDietExerciseExerciseStressStressGeneticsGeneticsGenderGenderTypeTypeBreedBreedFamily Family groupgroupSmellSmellIdentify other horsesIdentify other horsesMatingMatingLocate water, feedLocate water, feedVomeronasal organVomeronasal organPheromonesPheromonesEars & HearingEars & HearingDetect soundsDetect soundsDetermine location of Determine location of soundsoundTo provide sensory To provide sensory informationinformationHear in range 14 Hz to Hear in range 14 Hz to 25 kHz (humans 20 Hz 25 kHz (humans 20 Hz to 20 kHz)to 20 kHz)Auricle – 180Auricle – 180oo rotation rotationEar position generally Ear position generally relates to visual relates to visual attentionattentionTouchTouchResponsive to Responsive to pain, pressure, pain, pressure, cold and heatcold and heatSensitive areas Sensitive areas Eyes, ears and Eyes, ears and nosenoseWithers, ribs, Withers, ribs, flanks and legsflanks and legsSuffers fatigue Suffers fatigue VISIONVISIONPrimary detector of dangerPrimary detector of dangerAcute ability to detect Acute ability to detect movementmovementMonocular & Binocular visionMonocular & Binocular visionMonocular field of vision: Monocular field of vision: 215215oo for each eye for each eyeBinocular field of vision: Binocular field of vision: 6060oo-70-70ooOften raise head to observe close objectsLower head to observe faraway objectsMonocular fieldUp to 215oMonocular fieldBinocular field60-70oMarginal zoneVisual SignsVisual SignsEarsEarsTailTailMouth & Mouth & lipslipsEyesEyesNostrilsNostrilsHorse BehaviorHorse BehaviorSocial OrganizationSocial OrganizationHarem groups – Harem groups – Domestic horses, Domestic horses, Przewalski horse & Przewalski horse & some zebrasome zebraTerritorial Territorial breeders-Donkeys breeders-Donkeys & some zebras& some zebrasSocial OrganizationSocial OrganizationHaremHaremFamilyFamilyMaresMaresStallionStallionBachelor Bachelor GroupGroupTen Natural Survival Ten Natural Survival TraitsTraitsDepends on flight as its Depends on flight as its primary means of survivalprimary means of survivalOne of the most One of the most perceptive of all domestic perceptive of all domestic animalsanimalsVery fast response timeVery fast response timeCan be desensitized from Can be desensitized from frightening stimulifrightening stimuliHorses forgive, but do not Horses forgive, but do not forgetforgetTen Natural Survival Ten Natural Survival TraitsTraitsHorses categorize Horses categorize A) something not to fear, so A) something not to fear, so ignore or exploreignore or exploreB) Something to fear, so fleeB) Something to fear, so fleeHorses are easily dominatedHorses are easily dominatedHorses exert dominance by Horses exert dominance by controlling the movement of controlling the movement of their peers. Horse accept their peers. Horse accept dominance when:dominance when:We or another animal cause them We or another animal cause them to move when they prefer not toto move when they prefer not toWe or another animal inhibit We or another animal inhibit movement when they want to fleemovement when they want to fleeTen Natural Survival Ten Natural Survival TraitsTraitsThe body language of a horse is unique The body language of a horse is unique to the equine speciesto the equine speciesHorse is a precocial species (newborn Horse is a precocial species (newborn foals are neurologically mature at birth)foals are neurologically mature at birth)Types of Horse Types of Horse BehaviorBehaviorIngestive behaviorIngestive behaviorEliminative Eliminative behaviorbehaviorEpimeletic Epimeletic behavior -Care-behavior -Care-giving & care-giving & care-seeking behaviorseeking behaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorSexual Sexual PolygamousPolygamousOne offspringOne offspringSeasonal BreedersSeasonal BreedersFetal behaviorFetal behaviorParturient behaviorParturient behaviorHorse BehaviorHorse BehaviorSelf-care behaviorSelf-care behaviorHomeostatic Homeostatic influencesinfluencesGroomingGroomingRestRestAwake 80%Awake 80%Drowsiness 8%Drowsiness 8%Sleep 12%Sleep 12%AutogroomAutogroomMutual GroomMutual GroomTypes of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorInvestigative BehaviorInvestigative BehaviorPlay behaviorPlay behaviorExploratory Exploratory behaviorbehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorAllelomimetic BehaviorAllelomimetic BehaviorMimicryMimicryTypes of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorAgonistic BehaviorAgonistic BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorTypes of Horse BehaviorDominance/SubmisDominance/Submission (Social Order)sion (Social Order)Horse BehaviorHorse BehaviorSpacing Spacing Individual Individual distancedistanceGroup distanceGroup distanceSocial distanceSocial distanceFlight distanceFlight distanceHome rangeHome rangeTerritorialTerritorialActivityActivityDiurnalDiurnalTravel up to 16 Travel up to 16 km/d (10 mile/d)km/d (10 mile/d)Home range, can Home range, can be up to 1000 ha.be up to 1000 ha.(2500 acres)(2500 acres)Range: 0.8-303 sq. Range: 0.8-303 sq. km (0.5-188 sq. km (0.5-188 sq. mile)mile)Average Time Budgets Average Time Budgets For HorsesFor HorsesBehavioral Behavioral Considerations in Equine Considerations in Equine HandlingHandlingHERD INSTINCTHERD INSTINCTHOMING HOMING INSTINCTINSTINCTFLIGHTFLIGHTDOMINANCE DOMINANCE HEIREACHYHEIREACHYTERRITORIAL TERRITORIAL BEHAVIORBEHAVIORSELF-DEFENSESELF-DEFENSEHABITHABITGood Stress – The Good Stress – The stressful condition stressful condition in which the horse in which the horse can find a solution can find a solution that will
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