Equine Feeds & FeedingSlide 2Building a Horse RationHAY OR PASTUREWhat is forage?ForagesHays Nutritive Value & PalatabilitySlide 8Supplement Energy?Energy Sources Comparative ValuesSlide 11Crude Fiber & DE Relation of Commonly Fed FeedsRelationship of Crude Fiber to Expected DEProteinComparison Protein SupplementsMineralsSlide 17Trace MineralsAdequate MineralsTrace Mineralized SaltVitaminsAdequate VitaminsVitamin/ Mineral CombinationsFeeding HorsesExpected feed consumption %BWRemember…Equine Feeds & Equine Feeds & FeedingFeedingBuilding a Horse Building a Horse RationRationStart with horse Start with horse needsneedsMaximize forage Maximize forage Add energy if neededAdd energy if neededAdd protein and Add protein and minerals if neededminerals if neededConsider adding Consider adding vitamins and vitamins and supplementssupplementsFeed concentrate that makes-up the difference between nutrients Feed concentrate that makes-up the difference between nutrients needed & nutrients in roughageneeded & nutrients in roughageHAY OR PASTUREHAY OR PASTUREFoundation for every Foundation for every feeding program.feeding program.–Adequate chewing timeAdequate chewing time–EnergyEnergy–Aids in proper transit Aids in proper transit thorough GI tractthorough GI tract–Main substrate for Main substrate for bacterial digestion in bacterial digestion in the cecumthe cecum–Indigestible parts Indigestible parts provide scratch factors – provide scratch factors – prevent wood chewingprevent wood chewingWhat is forage?What is forage?Min. fiber content Min. fiber content of 18% & relatively of 18% & relatively low dietary energylow dietary energyCell walls – Cell walls – cellulose, hemi cellulose, hemi cellulose, lignin (0% cellulose, lignin (0% digested)digested)Cell contents – Cell contents – protein, soluble protein, soluble carbohydrates, carbohydrates, ether extract, ash ether extract, ashForagesForagesGrassGrass–BromegrassBromegrass–OrchardgrassOrchardgrass–Tall FescueTall Fescue–TimothyTimothyGrain HayGrain Hay–Oat HayOat Hay–Wheat hayWheat hayStrawStrawLegumeLegume–AlfalfaAlfalfa–Birds Foot trefoilBirds Foot trefoil–CloversClovers–LespedezaLespedezaHays Nutritive Value & Hays Nutritive Value & PalatabilityPalatabilityPlant speciesPlant speciesLevel of Level of maturity at maturity at harvestharvestWeed contentWeed contentGrowing Growing conditionsconditionsCuring & Curing & harvesting harvesting conditionsconditionsHays Nutritive Value & Hays Nutritive Value & PalatabilityPalatabilitySoil conditions & fertilitySoil conditions & fertilityMoisture contentMoisture contentLength & method of Length & method of storagestorageSupplement Energy?Supplement Energy?Concentrates Concentrates often needed - often needed - –Late gestationLate gestation–LactationLactation–GrowthGrowth–WorkWorkEnergy Sources Energy Sources Comparative ValuesComparative ValuesGrainGrainDE DE (Mcal/lb)(Mcal/lb)Relative Relative Feeding Feeding Value by Value by volume (%)volume (%)CP (%)CP (%)Crude Crude Fiber (%)Fiber (%)CommentsCommentsOats Oats (regular)(regular)1.31.3454511-1211-121111Most palatable & Most palatable & safest. Variable in safest. Variable in qualityqualityOats (heavy)Oats (heavy)1.41.4505012.512.51111Also called “racehorse” Also called “racehorse” or “jockey” oatsor “jockey” oatsGroats (hull-Groats (hull-less oats)less oats)1.71.7959518182.12.1Corn (maize)Corn (maize)1.51.51001008-108-102.22.2Grain most prone to Grain most prone to mold & most commonly mold & most commonly overfedoverfedGrainGrainDE DE (Mcal/lb)(Mcal/lb)Relative Relative Feeding Feeding Value by Value by volume (%)volume (%)CP (%)CP (%)Crude Crude Fiber (%)Fiber (%)CommentsCommentsBarleyBarley1.51.58585121255Between oats & corn in Between oats & corn in safety, but less safety, but less palatable.palatable.Grain Grain sorghum sorghum (milo)(milo)1.451.45959511.511.52.52.5Should be processed.Should be processed.WheatWheat1.551.5511011011-1411-141.5-31.5-3Less palatable then Less palatable then corn or oats. Should be corn or oats. Should be processed.processed.RyeRye1.531.5310010012122.22.2Feed processed, with Feed processed, with 1/3 max. in grain mix.1/3 max. in grain mix.FatsFats3.613.61--------Energy Sources Energy Sources Comparative ValuesComparative ValuesCrude Fiber & DE Crude Fiber & DE Relation of Commonly Relation of Commonly Fed FeedsFed FeedsFeedstufFeedstufDE (Mcal/lb)DE (Mcal/lb)CF (%)CF (%)CornCorn1.51.522Wheat MidsWheat Mids1.41.477OatsOats1.31.31212Soybean Soybean HullsHulls1.11.13232Alfalfa HayAlfalfa Hay1.01.02020Relationship of Crude Relationship of Crude Fiber to Expected DEFiber to Expected DEIf the feed tag If the feed tag indicates CF (%) indicates CF (%) ofofThen, DE Then, DE (Mcal/lb) of the (Mcal/lb) of the feed will be ~feed will be ~But if the feed But if the feed contains 5% contains 5% added fat, the DE added fat, the DE (Mcal/lb) will be ~(Mcal/lb) will be ~441.551.551.651.65661.451.451.551.55881.351.351.451.4510101.251.251.351.3512121.151.151.251.25Protein Protein Needed for: muscle & bone Needed for: muscle & bone growth, milk production, fetal growth, milk production, fetal growth, normal metabolismgrowth, normal metabolismRequirements can be met with Requirements can be met with good quality hay or pasture good quality hay or pasture forageforageLow requirements for Low requirements for maintenancemaintenanceQuality = amino acid balance= amino acid balance–Very important for young horsesVery important for young horses–Lysine, methionine, tryptophan most Lysine, methionine, tryptophan most limiting for growth & milk productionlimiting for growth & milk productionComparison Protein Comparison Protein SupplementsSupplementsFeedFeedCP (%)CP (%)Lysine (%)Lysine (%)Soybean Soybean mealmeal4444.87.87Linseed Linseed meal (flax)meal (flax)3434.16.16Dried skim Dried skim milkmilk3333.54.54MineralsMineralsContent in the diet will be determined by Content in the diet will be determined by soil & water in areasoil & water in areaQuality of feed and proportion of grain to Quality of feed and proportion of grain to hayhayCa and PCa and P–Continuous lossContinuous loss–70% of the mineral content of the body70% of the mineral content of the body–99% of the Ca and 80% of the P in bones and teeth99% of the Ca and 80% of the P in bones and teeth–1.1—2.0 parts
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