Midterm 3 - NPB 101 Guidelines: (1) Write your name and provide your student ID# on the front of your scantron. (2) Sign your scantron. (3) Indicate on the front of your scantron that you are using Testform D. **************************************************************************************** Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. If the chest wall gets punctured and an opening is made into the pleural sac, a. intra-pleural pressure will rise above atmospheric pressure with each inspiration b. the lung will collapse c. the chest wall will expand d. both (b) and (c) above e. (a), (b) and (c) above ____ 2. At sea level, if 5% of the air contains CO and 20% of the air contains O2, a. the partial pressure of CO is 76 mm Hg b. the partial pressure of CO is 38 mm Hg. c. Hb preferentially binds O2 d. CO preferentially binds O2 e. None of these answers. ____ 3. The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled (maximum expiration) following a maximum inspiration is termed the a. tidal volume. b. total lung capacity. c. vital capacity. d. expiratory reserve volume. e. inspiratory capacity ____ 4. Approximately what percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in dissolved form? a. 1.5 b. 10 c. 35 d. 60 e. 100 ____ 5. Pulmonary surfactant a. is secreted by Type II alveolar cells. b. is secreted by Type I alveolar cells. c. decreases the surface tension of fluid lining the alveoli. d. Both (a) and (c) above. e. Both (b) and (c) above.____ 6. The partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary veins a. is about 100 mmHg. b. equivalent to alveolar partial pressure for oxygen. c. is dramatically different than pulmonary arteries' partial pressure for oxygen d. Both (b) and (c) above. e. (a), (b) and (c) above. ____ 7. During inspiration, a. intra-alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure. b. the diaphragm contracts. c. the internal intercostal muscles contract. d. Both (a) and (b) above. e. (a), (b) and (c) above. ____ 8. The fundus of the stomach secretes a. CCK. b. gastrin. c. acid. d. Both (a) and (b) above. e. Both (a) and (c) above. ____ 9. What prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing? a. elevation of the uvula b. contraction of the pharyngeal muscles c. positioning of the tongue d. tight apposition of the vocal cords over the glottis e. elevation of the epiglottis over the nasopharynx ____ 10. Which statement regarding gastric motility and emptying is incorrect? a. increased fluidity allows more rapid emptying. b. cholecystokinin and secrtetin increase emptying. c. increased gastric volume stimulates motility. d. fat in the duodenum reduces emptying. e. distention of the stomach initiates short reflexes. ____ 11. Stomach acid a. is neutralized in the duodenum. b. is neutralized with bicarbonate. c. is neutralized by solutions secreted by the pancreas. d. both (a) and (b) above. e. (a), (b) and (c) above. ____ 12. Enzymes for carbohydrate digestion are first present in the _________ while enzymes for fat digestion are first present in the _________. a. Stomach, small intestine. b. Mouth, stomach. c. Mouth, small intestine. d. Stomach, large intestine. e. Mouth, large intestine.____ 13. Segmentation a. is a ring-like contraction that glides down the small intestine b. is the primary mechanism used to move the contents within the small intestine c. occurs with a higher frequency in the jejunum than in the duodenum d. both (a) and (b) above e. both (b) and (c) above ____ 14. Pepsin a. cleaves amino acid linkages within proteins. b. cleaves carbohydrates into galactose and fructose. c. is released in an inactive form from cells in the pancreas d. Two of these answers. e. All of these answers. ____ 15. Lecithin a. stimulates vitamin B12 reabsorption b. aids fat absorption through micelle formation. c. stimulates the release of zymogen granules. d. Both (a) and (b) above. e. All of these answers. ____ 16. Which of the following accurately describes chymotrypsinogen? a. chymotrypsinogen is activated by enterokinase. b. chymotrypsinogen along with lecithin and cholesterol aids the formation of micelles. c. chymotrypsinogen is secreted by the endocrine portion of the pancreas. d. chymotrypsinogen aids protein digestion in the stomach. e. none of these answers. ____ 17. The energy equivalent of O2 is a. 4.8 kilocalories of energy liberated per liter of O2 consumed. b. used to indirectly measure the metabolic rate. c. the energy required to raise 1 gm of H2O by 1oC. d. Both (a) and (b) above. e. (a), (b) and (c) above. 18. The effective plasma concentration of a hormone is normally regulated by appropriate adjustments in the hormone’s a. rate of synthesis. b. extent of binding to plasma proteins. c. rate of metabolic inactivation. d. rate of secretion. e. rate of binding with target-cell receptors. 19. Too little activity of a particular hormone can arise from a. an abnormality within the endocrine gland that produces this hormone. b. a deficiency in production of this hormone's tropic hormone. c. an inborn lack of target-cell receptors for this hormone. d. Both (a) and (c) above. e. All of these answers.20. Select the correct statement(s) a. peptide hormones are lipophilic. b. steroid hormones are lipophilic. c. lipophilic hormones can not be delivered orally (ingested). d. Both (b) and (c) above. e. Both (a) and (c) above. 21. Hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus a. control the release of oxytocin and vasopressin from the posterior pituitary. b. travel via neuronal axons from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. c. are carried to the anterior pituitary via a local portal system (blood vessel). d. are released upon positive-feedback stimulation via the anterior pituitary tropic hormones. e. always act to stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones. 22. When animals including humans are chronically deprived of all light/dark cues they a. cease to exhibit a circadian rhythm. b. go into “free run,” that is, reveal the period of their endogenous generator. c. continue to exhibit photoentrainment due to specialized receptors located in the eye. d. Both (a) and (b) above. e. Both (b) and (c) above. 23. You are a neuroendocrine research scientist and just invented a new technique for use in mice. With this technique, it is possible to selectively kill off only those 1 in 100