NPB 101 Final 2007 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which type of chemical bonds does pancreatic amylase target? a. alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages c. alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages b. beta-1,4 glycosidic linkages d. alpha-1,2 glycosidic linkages ____ 2. During a swallow, what region is closed off to prevent food entry into the respiratory passageways? a. The lips d. The bronchioles b. The upper esophageal sphincter e. The diaphragm c. The soft palate/uvula ____ 3. A toxin significantly reduces gastrointestinal acid production. What would be the most likely target of this toxin? a. Secretin producing cells of the small intestine c. Mucous cells b. Smooth muscle cells d. Parietal cells ____ 4. Suppose a gene mutation results in a mouse that lacks slow wave activity. What could this mutation affect? a. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors b. The sino-atrial node c. The kit receptor of interstitial cells of Cajal d. Voltage-gated sodium channels ____ 5. If you were to compare the choices listed below, which of the following empties from the stomach the slowest? a. Water b. Bezoars c. A solution at pH = 8.0 d. 100 calories worth of butter e. 100 calories worth of turkey breast ____ 6. Following their absorption, how are nutrients handled by small intestinal enterocytes? a. Free fatty acids and 2-monoglycerides are resynthesized into triglycerides b. Amino acids are resynthesized into long polypeptides c. Monosaccharides are stored in the enterocyte d. Amino acids are packaged into chylomicrons ____ 7. Pick the CORRECT statement a. Slow waves are action potentials b. The muscularis externa is multiunit smooth muscle c. Enterocytes migrate from the crypt of Lieberkuhn to villi tips d. Peptide YY is the primary stimulator of gastric secretions ____ 8. What is the strongest stimulator of secretin secretion? a. Acid in the esophagus d. Cholesterol in the stomach b. Low pH in the duodenum e. Bicarbonate in the pancreas c. Fat in the ileum____ 9. Bile secretions... a. Digest fat droplets b. Contain red blood cells c. Stabilize small fat droplets in an aqueous solution d. Is primarily free fatty acids ____ 10. Which of the following is NOT secreted by the pancreas? a. Enterokinase d. Trypsinogen b. Bicarbonate e. Chymotrypsinogen c. Insulin ____ 11. Which of the following cannot be easily absorbed by small intestinal enterocytes from the lumen? a. Glucose monomers d. Maltotriose b. Dipeptides e. Sodium ions c. Free fatty acids ____ 12. Your patient presents severe diarrhea and intestinal gas when given a milk meal. However, he is perfectly normal when consuming steak or bread. You conclude that he has a deficit in... a. SGLT-1 expression d. His ileal brake reflex b. Lactase expression e. Pancreatic function c. Acid production ____ 13. Which of the following is TRUE regarding a cell at rest. a. [Na+]o << [Na+]i b. VM = EK+ c. VM = 0 mV d. PNa+ << PK+ e. [K+]o >> [K+]i ____ 14. You wish to teach your roommate about homeostasis. One of the things you tell her is... a. Homeostatic loops can be voluntarily controlled b. A regulated variable (e.g. MAP) can change hourly, but is normally maintained within a narrow range. c. We homeostatically regulate the environment outside the body d. Every organ system is involved in homeostasis ____ 15. Pick the TRUE statement about neuronal action potentials. a. K+ influx causes the falling phase b. Depolarization increases the cell’s permeability to Na+ c. K+ channel inactivation is responsible for refractoriness d. The Na+/K+ ATPase causes repolarization ____ 16. Which of the following must occur for a neuron to communicate with skeletal muscle? a. Ca2+ influx at the neuronal terminal b. Neurotransmitter release into the synapse c. Neurotransmitter binding to the postsynaptic receptor d. Two of the above are CORRECT e. All of the above are CORRECT____ 17. Gap junctions... a. allow excitation to spread between cardiac myocytes b. are inserted into the collecting duct in response to aldosterone c. are sites through which endocrine cells release hormone d. are vascular pores between endothelial cells e. contain acid producing cells in the stomach ____ 18. Cerebrospinal fluid... a. Has the same exact composition as plasma b. Flows around spinal cord in the subarachnoid space c. Is made by oligodendrocytes d. Surrounds peripheral nerves ____ 19. Which cell is responsible for myelination of central neurons? a. Schwann cells d. Astrocytes b. Ependymal cells e. Microglia c. Oligodendrocytes ____ 20. What central nervous system region is responsible for regulating breathing and heart rate? a. The cerebellum d. The spinal cord b. The cerebral cortex e. The brainstem c. The basal ganglia ____ 21. Pick the TRUE statement about the autonomic nervous system. a. It’s primary components are the sympathetic and enteric neurons b. It regulates visceral functions c. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are very short d. Input from postganglionic neurons is always excitatory ____ 22. You’re recording the electrical change in a sensory receptor. In response to an extended stimulus, you observe that the receptor depolarizes, then quickly stops responding. When the stimulus ends, the receptor responds with a small depolarization that decays quickly. You would classify this response as... a. Habituation d. Long term potentiation b. Rapid adaptation e. Temporal summation c. Slow adaptation ____ 23. The motor homunculus has large representation for the hands. This implies that... a. We do a lot of sensory processing for hand stimuli b. The hands exert more force (per weight) than other body regions c. A lot of the motor cortex is devoted to control of hand muscles d. The hands have more neurons than other areas ____ 24. In skeletal muscle, the major regulatory unit that blocks the myosin binding site on the thin filaments is... a. Actin d. Calmodulin b. Troponin e. Tropomyosin c. Calcium____ 25. Sensory receptors... a. Transduce action potentials into contraction b. Can sometimes hyperpolarize in response to stimuli c. Are always neurons d. Only respond to stimuli that we consciously perceive ____ 26. A patient presents deafness. Which sensory organ might not be working in your patient and that causes his symptoms a. The vestibular system d. The otolith organs b.