1NPB 101 Midterm II 2009Multiple ChoiceIdentify the one choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The blood flowing in which group of structures listed below is normally oxygenated?A.systemic arteries, pulmonary arteries, aorta, right ventricleB.aorta, pulmonary veins, left ventricle, systemic arteriesC.systemic arteries, pulmonary arteries, aorta, left atriumD.aorta, pulmonary arteries, left ventricle, systemic arteries 2. When urine is being stored in the bladder movement of the urine through the urethra is prevented byA.an internal sphincter that is under voluntary control and an external sphincter that is under involuntary controlB.an internal sphincter that is under involuntary control and an external sphincter that is under voluntary controlC.internal and external sphincters, both of which are under voluntary controlD.internal and external sphincters, both of which are under involuntary control 3. The highest blood pressure in the cardiovascular system is found in theA.left ventricleC.right atriumB.right ventricleD.left atrium 4. Sympathetic nervous activity can increase blood pressure byA.increasing heart rateD.All of the aboveB.increasing cardiac stroke volumeE.None of the aboveC.increasing peripheral resistance 5. Complete loss of the cells constituting the AV node will result inA.the right and left ventricles contracting at different timesB.the atria and ventricles contracting at different ratesC.a decrease in the rate of ventricular contractionsD.A & BE.B & C 6. Which of the following stimulate aldosterone secretion?A.increased plasma K+B.decreased plasma K+C.activation of the renin-angiotensin pathwayD.A and CE.B and C 7. Vasopressin controls the reabsorption of water in the nephronA.only in the distal and collecting tubulesB.only in the glomerulusC.only in the proximal tubuleD.only in the loop of HenleE.along the entire length of the tubule 8. Which substances DO NOT move easily from the capillary lumen into the ECF?A.amino acidsD.gasses such as O2 and CO2B.waterE.proteinsC.glucose2 9. Which of the statements below is NOT TRUE?A.Almost all the oxygen in the blood is carried by red blood cells.B.Normally a little less than half the volume of blood is red blood cells. C.Red blood cells are involved in transporting carbon dioxide from the tissues. D.Red blood cells are the only type of cell found in the blood. 10. A person has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute, an end systolic volume of 10 ml, and an end diastolic volume of 50 ml. What is their cardiac output?A.5 liters/minC.6 liters/minB.4 liters/minD.1 liter/min 11. Where in the nephron does the most reabsorption occur?A.glomerulusD.loop of HenleB.collecting ductE.reabsorption is equal throughout the nephronC.proximal tubule 12. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?A.An action potential is generated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membraneB.Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol by voltage-gated calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.C.An action potential is generated in the T tubule membraneD.All of the above statements are correctE.None of the above statements are correct 13. Your test is Version A. Please answer A for this question and fill in A for the form on your Scantron.A.This IS Version AC.This is not Version BB.This is not Version CD.This is not Version D 14. Pacemaking activity in the sino-atrial nodeA.is slowed by parasympathetic stimulationB.causes atrial natriuretic peptide secretionC.normally sets the heart rateD.two of the aboveE.all of the above 15. Sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron is stimulated byA.aldosteroneC.vasopressinB.norepinephrineD.atrial natriuretic peptide 16. Comparing a fast glycolytic muscle fiber to a slow oxydative muscle fiber, the oxydative fiber is likely to have A.more mitochondriaC.less myoglobinB.faster myosin ATPase activityD.all of the above 17. Tubular reabsorption in the kidneyA.occurs only in the proximal tubuleB.removes drugs and metabolic waste products from the plasmaC.always requires direct input of metabolic energyD.All of the above are correctE.None of the above are correct3 18. In what order are these metabolic energy sources used in exercising skeletal muscle?A.glycogen, creatine phosphate, fatty acidsB.creatine phosphate, glycogen, fatty acidsC.creatine phosphate, fatty acids, glycogenD.fatty acids, creatine phosphate, glycogen 19. Which of the structures below shortens during skeletal muscle contraction?A.the thick filamentsD.the A bandB.the sarcomereE.the thin filamentsC.the Z line 20. Which of the following statements about cross bridges is NOT correct?A.the rate of ATP hydrolysis by cross bridges will affect the rate of contractionB.cross bridges are composed of tropomyosin and troponinC.cross bridges must bind ATP to dissociate from actinD.cross bridges form a connection between the thick filaments and the thin filaments 21. Which of the factors below WILL NOT act as an intrinsic vasoconstrictor of arteriole smooth muscle in the systemic vasculature?A.stretch of the arteriole from an increase in blood pressureB.increased sympathetic stimulationC.increased oxygenD.all of the above will act as intrinsic vasoconstrictors 22. Which of the following statements about excitation-contraction coupling in muscle is TRUE for all types of muscle?A.Excitation-contraction coupling requires increased cytosolic Ca2+.B.Excitation-contraction coupling requires Ca2+ binding to troponin.C.Excitation-contraction coupling requires Ca2+ influx from the ECF through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.D.Excitation-contraction coupling requires Ca2+ binding to myosin. 23. Which of the following plasma constituents IS NOT regulated by the kidney?A.glucoseD.H+B.Na+E.All of the above are regulated by the kidneyC.K+ 24. Which of the factors below WILL increase the strength of a skeletal muscle contraction?A.increasing the number of active motor unitsB.increasing the frequency of action potentials fired by the motor neuronsC.increasing the length of the muscle before initiating contractionD.All of the aboveE.None of the above 25. Myocardial muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that in the myocardiumA.the muscle fibers are connected by gap junctions to form a syncytium.B.is striatedC.the action potential lasts as long as the contraction of the muscle fibers.D.A & B are correctE.A, B & C are correct4 26.