1CS 561: Artificial IntelligenceInstructor:Prof Hadi MoradiInstructor:Prof. Hadi Moradi, [email protected] Lectures: M-Th 09:00-10:40, OHE136 Office hours: MW 2:30 – 4:00 pm, SAL310, Ob iOr by appointment TAs: Jeong-Yoon Lee SAL 112 Office hours: TTH 1:00-2:30 Email: [email protected] 561: Artificial Intelligence Course web page: http://www-scf.usc.edu/~csci561a Up to date information, lecture notes Relevant dates, links, etc. Also you may check http://den.usc.edu Class format: two sections of 45 minutesCourse material:Course material: [AIMA] Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. 2ndedition2CS 561: Artificial IntelligenceCourse overview:foundations of symbolicCourse overview:foundations of symbolic intelligent systems. Agents, search, problem solving, logic, representation, reasoning, symbolic programming, probabilistic reasoning, and robotics. Prerequisites: CS 455x, i.e., programming principles, discrete mathematics for computing, software design and software engineering concepts. Some knowledge of C/C++ for some programming assignments.CS 561: Artificial IntelligenceGrading:Grading: 25% for midterm 25% for final 40% for homeworks and projects10% f Q i10% for Quizzes3Practical issuesClass list: uselearn usc eduClass list: use learn.usc.edu Login with your USC username and password If CSCI561A is not listed as your courses, notify the TA.ot y t e Submissions: See class web page under Assignmentssubmit -user csci561 -tag HW3 HW3.tar.gzAdministrative IssuesMidterm 1:7/26/10 9:0010:40pmMidterm 1:7/26/10 9:00 -10:40pm Midterm 2: 8/10/10 9:00 - 10:40pm See also the class web page:http://den usc edu/http://den.usc.edu/4Why study AI?Search enginesScienceLaborMedicine/DiagnosisAppliancesWhat else?Humanoid Robots: From Honda to SonyWalkTurnStairshttp://world.honda.com/robot/5Sony AIBOmovie1http://www.aibo.comNatural Language Question Answeringhttp://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/http://aimovie.warnerbros.com6Robot TeamsUSC robotics LabModular robots self re-assembly.What is AI?The exciting new effort to make“The study of mental facultiesThe exciting new effort to make computers thinks … machine with minds, in the full and literal sense” (Haugeland 1985)“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence whenThe study of mental faculties through the use of computational models” (Charniak et al. 1985)A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms ofrequire intelligence when performed by people” (Kurzweil, 1990)behavior in terms of computational processes” (Schalkol, 1990)7AI – The Bigger PictureComputer SciencePhilosophy?Artificial IntelligenceCognitive Science(Psychology)pyRobotics(Engineering)Neuroscience(Biology)?Acting Humanly: The Turing TestAlan Turing's 1950 articleComputing MachineryAlan Turings 1950 article Computing Machinery and Intelligencediscussed conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent8Acting Humanly: The Turing TestWhat tasks require AI?“AI is the science and engineering ofAI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines which can perform tasks that require intelligence when performed by humans …” What tasks require AI?9What tasks require AI?Tasks that require AI:q Solving a differential equation Brain surgery Inventing stuff Playing Jeopardy Playing Wheel of Fortune What about walking? What about grabbing stuff? What about pulling your hand away from fire? What about watching TV? What about day dreaming?Acting Humanly: The Full Turing Test•Problem:•Problem:10What would a computer need to pass the Turing test?Communication:Communication: Memory: Reasoning: Learning:What would a computer need to pass the Turing test?Sensing:Sensing: Mt t l(t t l t t)Motor control(total test):11Thinking Humanly: Cognitive Science1960“Cognitive Revolution”:1960 Cognitive Revolution : information-processing psychology replaced behaviorismThinking Humanly: Cognitive ScienceCognitive science and modeling the activitiesCognitive science and modeling the activities of the brain What level of abstraction? “Knowledge” or “Circuits”? How to validate models?12Thinking Rationally: Laws of ThoughtAristotle (~450 B.C.) attempted to codifyAristotle ( 450 B.C.) attempted to codify “right thinking” What are correct arguments/thought processes?Thinking Rationally: Laws of Thought Problems:13Acting Rationally: The Rational Agent Rational behavior: Doing the right thing! Provides the most general view of AI because it includes: Acting Rationally: The Rational AgentAdvantages:Advantages:14How to achieve AI? How is AI research done? Theoretical ExperimentalHow to achieve AI?There are two main lines of research:There are two main lines of research: Biological, study humans and imitate their psychology or physiology. phenomenal, study and formalize common sense facts about the world and the problems that the world presents to the achievement of goals.world presents to the achievement of goals. The two approaches interact to some extent, and both should eventually succeed. It is a race, but both racers seem to be walking. [John McCarthy]15Branches of AI Logical AI Search Natural language processing pattern recognition Knowledge representation Inference From some facts, others can be inferred. , Automated reasoning Learning from experience Planning To generate a strategy for achieving some goalAI Prehistory16Brief History of AIThoughtAncient Times 384 B.C.----AristotleLogic: The science of knowing. Middle Age 1200 Ramon Lull Ars Magnus: a rule-based device to model man's behavior and nature RenaissanceEmpiricismNext time implement linkstionally:Laws of TRenaissance -EmpiricismExplanation of processes 17th Century ---Gottfried Leibniz 1st system of formal logic 18th Century Rene Descartes Dualism 19th Century 1845 ---Charles Babbage Analytical Engine --George Boole Formalization of the Laws of LogicThinking Rat--Formalizatio n of the Laws of Logic 1879-1903 ---Gottlob Frege First-order predicate calculus Early 20th Century 1910-1912 ---Russel-Whitehead Principia Mathematica Bertrand Russel 1931 ---Kurt Godel Incompleteness Theorem of Logic Roots of AI in Science:
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