CS 561: Artificial IntelligenceSlide 2Practical issuesAdministrative IssuesWhy study AI?Honda Humanoid RobotSony AIBONatural Language Question AnsweringRobot TeamsWhat is AI?Acting Humanly: The Turing TestWhat tasks require AI?Slide 13Acting Humanly: The Full Turing TestWhat would a computer need to pass the Turing test?Thinking Humanly: Cognitive ScienceThinking Rationally: Laws of ThoughtActing Rationally: The Rational AgentHow to achieve AI?Branches of AIAI PrehistoryAI HistoryAI State of the artCourse OverviewCourse Overview (cont.)Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35A driving example: BeobotsPowerPoint PresentationSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42PrototypeMajor issuesGeneral architectureSlide 46The task-relevance mapMore formally: how do we do it?OutlookCS 561, Lecture 1CS 561: Artificial Intelligence•Instructor: Prof. Laurent Itti, [email protected]•Lectures: T-Th 11:00-12:20, OHE-122•Office hours: Mon 3:00 – 5:00 pm, HNB-30A, and by appointment•Course web page: http://iLab.usc.edu/classes/2002cs561/•Up to date information•Lecture notes •Relevant dates, links, etc.•TAs: Quamrul Tipu ([email protected])Seokkyung Chung ([email protected]) •Course material:•[AIMA] Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig.CS 561, Lecture 1CS 561: Artificial Intelligence•Course overview: foundations of symbolic intelligent systems. Agents, search, problem solving, logic, representation, reasoning, symbolic programming, and robotics.•Prerequisites: CS 455x, i.e., programming principles, discrete mathematics for computing, software design and software engineering concepts. Some knowledge of C/C++ for some programming assignments.•Grading: 35% for midterm +35% for final +30% for mandatory homeworks/assignmentsCS 561, Lecture 1Practical issues•Class list: [email protected] home page: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/csci561/Please send an e-mail to [email protected]. The email should have the following format (in a single line): student ID, first name last name, scf account name, email address For example, 123-45-6789, Fengjun Lv, flv, [email protected]•Submissions: See class web page under Assignmentssubmit -user csci561 -tag HW3 HW3.tar.gzCS 561, Lecture 1Administrative Issues•Midterm exam: 10/03/02 11:00am - 12:20pm •Final exam: 12/12/02 2:00pm - 4:00pm •Drop dates: 09/13/02 without the “W” grade and11/15/02 with the “W” grade.See also the class web page:http://iLab.usc.edu/classes/2002cs561/CS 561, Lecture 1Why study AI?Search enginesLaborScienceMedicine/DiagnosisAppliances What else?CS 561, Lecture 1Honda Humanoid RobotWalkTurnStairshttp://world.honda.com/robot/CS 561, Lecture 1Sony AIBOhttp://www.aibo.comCS 561, Lecture 1Natural Language Question Answeringhttp://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infolab/http://aimovie.warnerbros.comCS 561, Lecture 1Robot TeamsUSC robotics LabCS 561, Lecture 1What is AI?CS 561, Lecture 1Acting Humanly: The Turing Test•Alan Turing's 1950 article Computing Machinery and Intelligence discussed conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent•“Can machines think?” “Can machines behave intelligently?”•The Turing test (The Imitation Game): Operational definition of intelligence.•Computer needs to posses:Natural language processing, Knowledge representation, Automated reasoning, and Machine learning•Are there any problems/limitations to the Turing Test?CS 561, Lecture 1What tasks require AI?•“AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines which can perform tasks that require intelligence when performed by humans …”•What tasks require AI?CS 561, Lecture 1What tasks require AI?•“AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines which can perform tasks that require intelligence when performed by humans …”•Tasks that require AI:•Solving a differential equation•Brain surgery•Inventing stuff•Playing Jeopardy •Playing Wheel of Fortune•What about walking?•What about grabbing stuff?•What about pulling your hand away from fire?•What about watching TV?•What about day dreaming?CS 561, Lecture 1Acting Humanly: The Full Turing Test•Alan Turing's 1950 article Computing Machinery and Intelligence discussed conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent•“Can machines think?” “Can machines behave intelligently?”•The Turing test (The Imitation Game): Operational definition of intelligence.•Computer needs to posses:Natural language processing, Knowledge representation, Automated reasoning, and Machine learning•Problem: 1) Turing test is not reproducible, constructive, and amenable to mathematic analysis. 2) What about physical interaction with interrogator and environment?•Total Turing Test: Requires physical interaction and needs perception and actuation.CS 561, Lecture 1What would a computer need to pass the Turing test?•Natural language processing: to communicate with examiner.•Knowledge representation: to store and retrieve information provided before or during interrogation.•Automated reasoning: to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new conclusions.•Machine learning: to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.•Vision (for Total Turing test): to recognize the examiner’s actions and various objects presented by the examiner.•Motor control (total test): to act upon objects as requested.•Other senses (total test): such as audition, smell, touch, etc.CS 561, Lecture 1Thinking Humanly: Cognitive Science•1960 “Cognitive Revolution”: information-processing psychology replaced behaviorism•Cognitive science brings together theories and experimental evidence to model internal activities of the brain•What level of abstraction? “Knowledge” or “Circuits”?•How to validate models?•Predicting and testing behavior of human subjects (top-down)•Direct identification from neurological data (bottom-up)•Building computer/machine simulated models and reproduce results (simulation)CS 561, Lecture 1Thinking Rationally: Laws of Thought•Aristotle (~ 450 B.C.) attempted to codify “right thinking”What are correct arguments/thought processes?•E.g., “Socrates is a man, all men are mortal; therefore Socrates is mortal”•Several Greek schools developed various forms of logic:notation plus rules of derivation for
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