BIOLOGY 111 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to Biology II. Levels of OrganizationIII. Reductionist (advantages and disadvantages)IV. Biology SystemsV. CellVI. EvolutionCurrent LectureBiology is the study of life.- Life – property or quality of plants and animals that distinguishes them from inorganic matter or dead organisms- All living things have order, evolutionary adaption, respond to the environment, reproduce, grow and develop (change phases throughout lifespan), process energy, and regulate.There are several levels of organization that each has a variety of properties of life and we study,in biology, ALL of them.1. Biospheres: consists of ALL life on Earth and all the places where life exists2. Ecosystem: prairies, deserts, grasslands… consists of all living things in an area (birds,mammals…) and all the nonliving things in the environment (soil, rocks, water…)3. Communities: consists of all the organisms living in one specific bound area (horses, deer, birds…)4. Populations: Species specific groups (just the herd of horses…)5. Organisms: Individual living things6. Organs and Organ Systems: structural hierarchy of an organism (the heart, lungs brain…)7. Tissues: group of cells working together and performing their own function to create the organs and organ systems8. Cells: life’s fundamental unit of structure and function [that make up the tissues]9. Organelles: the various functional components present in cells (chloroplasts, nucleus,mitochondria…)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.10. Molecules: chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atomsEmergent Properties – new properties that emerge from different levels of hierarchy and not found in the preceding levelReductionist Approach – breaks everything down, piece by piece, from complex into the simplest possible components to study*most powerful approach to study biology- advantages – successful b/c otherwise could be too complex to study their entirety- disadvantages – Emergent properties may not be apparent and thus miss the bigger pictureSystems Biology – attempts to understand complicated biological systems by piecing the smallerparts back togetherThe Cell- Eukaryotic Cell – contains a nucleus, which contains DNA- Prokaryotic Cell – contains no nucleusForm : Function is similar to Anatomy : Physiology*changing the structure (form) will also change the function Ex. the mitochondria is made the way it is for a reason… to have more surface area via the wrinkles and thus converts more energy Ex. a molecule of one arrangement of atoms is not the same as another molecule of a different arrangement of the same atomsEvolution – successfully explains similarity/diversity in life and needs only 3 things to work:1. variation in a population (desired trait necessary for survival)2. a way for the variation to be inherited (must be able to reproduce, if only two have the desired trait needed, both can’t be female or male, one must be female and the other must be a male)3. Differential effect of the environment on the variation*there needs to be the pressure for selection in order to force the change