ASTR 151 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II 1 4 Earth s Orbital Motion III 1 5 Motion of the Moon IV 1 6 Measurement of Distance Outline of Current Lecture V Summary of Chapter 1 VI Chapter 2 The Copernican Revolution 2 1 to 2 4 Current Lecture II Overview of Chapter 1 Summary a Stars are in the celestial sphere b Earth s orbit plane is ecliptic tilted about 23 5 degrees c The moon s shine is reflected by light and has phases d Eclipses by Sun and Moon occur by alignment e Synodic month isn t equal to a sidereal month due to Earth s rotation f The angle of parallax increases the base line gets larger III 2 1 Ancient Astronomy a Summer Solstice sunrise at the Stonehenge i Made between 2800 to 1100bce b Spokes of the Big Horn Medical Wheel aligned with Rising and setting of the Sun IV 2 2 Geocentric Universe a Astronomers observe the Sun Moon Stars and five planets Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter and Saturn b Planets tend to i Move with fixed stars ii Change in speed and brightness iii Undergo retrograde motion orbits in a circular motion and then randomly orbits backwards iv Can be Inferior never too far from the Sun 1 Mercury 2 Venus v Can be Superior untied to Sun 1 Mars 2 Jupiter 3 Saturn These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute c Geometric Model i Made by Claudius Ptolemy 2nd century ii Earliest models had Earth at center 1 Needed at least 80 circles to accurately track planetary motions d Aristarchus of Samos 3rd century i Believed Sun was at the center not Earth e Copernicus i Published De Revolution Coelestium 1 Dedicated to Pope Paul the 3rd 2 Kept the perfectly circular idea of orbits 3 Later placed on the Forbidden Books V 2 3 Heliocentric Model a Sun is at the center of solar system i Only the Moon orbits the Earth b Findings of Copernican Revolution i All planets revolve around the Sun VI 2 4 Birth of Modern Astronomy a 1600 Telescope was invented b 1609 Galileo built his own telescope i Moon has mountains and valleys ii Sun has sunspots and rotates in place iii Jupiter has moons iv Venus has phases 1 Similar to Earth s Moon but couldn t be explained by the Geocentric model c Galileo i Published Sidereus Nuncius 1610 ii Was deemed a heretic 1616 iii Fellow astronomer Giordano Bruno 1 Was burned at the stake 1600 2 Believed their were many planets that could sustain life like Earth 3 Called Jesus himself a skillful magician
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