ASTR 151 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture II. 1.4 Earth`s Orbital MotionIII. 1.5 Motion of the MoonIV. 1.6 Measurement of DistanceOutline of Current Lecture V. Summary of Chapter 1VI. Chapter 2, The Copernican Revolution 2.1 to 2.4Current LectureII. Overview of Chapter 1 (Summary)a. Stars are in the celestial sphereb. Earth`s orbit plane is ecliptic, tilted about 23.5 degreesc. The moon`s shine is reflected by light and has phasesd. Eclipses by Sun and Moon occur by alignmente. Synodic month isn`t equal to a sidereal month due to Earth`s rotationf. The angle of parallax increases the base line gets largerIII. 2.1 Ancient Astronomya. Summer Solstice sunrise at the Stonehengei. Made between 2800 to 1100bceb. Spokes of the Big Horn Medical Wheel aligned with Rising and setting of the SunIV. 2.2 Geocentric Universea. Astronomers observe the Sun, Moon, Stars, and five planets; Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturnb. Planets tend to:i. Move with fixed starsii. Change in speed and brightnessiii. Undergo retrograde motion (orbits in a circular motion and then randomly orbits backwards)iv. Can be Inferior -> never too far from the Sun1. Mercury2. Venusv. Can be Superior-> untied to Sun1. Mars2. Jupiter3. SaturnThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Geometric Modeli. Made by Claudius Ptolemy 2nd centuryii. Earliest models had Earth at center1. Needed at least 80 circles to accurately track planetary motionsd. Aristarchus of Samos 3rd centuryi. Believed Sun was at the center, not Earthe. Copernicusi. Published De Revolution Coelestium1. Dedicated to Pope Paul the 3rd2. Kept the perfectly circular idea of orbits3. Later placed on the Forbidden BooksV. 2.3 Heliocentric Modela. Sun is at the center of solar systemi. Only the Moon orbits the Earthb. Findings of Copernican Revolutioni. All planets revolve around the SunVI. 2.4 Birth of Modern Astronomya. 1600 – Telescope was inventedb. 1609 – Galileo built his own telescopei. Moon has mountains and valleysii. Sun has sunspots and rotates in placeiii. Jupiter has moonsiv. Venus has phases 1. Similar to Earth`s Moon but couldn`t be explained by the Geocentric modelc. Galileoi. Published Sidereus Nuncius (1610)ii. Was deemed a heretic (1616)iii. Fellow astronomer Giordano Bruno1. Was burned at the stake (1600)2. Believed their were many planets that could sustain life like Earth3. Called Jesus himself a “skillful
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