Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Levels: Feb 2015 - 2016Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Levels ModelCourse AnnouncementsAssignmentsQuiz 4 HintsQuiz 4 HintsBack to Comparative PlanetologyDoes it have a Magnetic Field?Does it have a Magnetic Field?Does it have an Atmosphere?Does it have an Atmosphere?Does it have an Atmosphere?Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse EffectClimate Change & Climate ScienceClimate Change & Climate ScienceAtmospheric CO2Atmospheric CO2Atmospheric and Climate PhysicsClimate PhysicsAtmospheric and Climate PhysicsClimate ChangeClimate ChangeEarth’s InteriorEarth’s InteriorSeismic WavesSeismic WavesEarth’s Interior via SeismologyEarth’s Interior via SeismologyEarth’s Interior via SeismologyEarth’s Interior via SeismologyEarth’s InteriorSurface Features - Plate TectonicsPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonic MotionPlate TectonicsPlate TectonicsPlate Tectonic MotionPangaeaReshaping LandmassesCarbon Dioxide (CO2) Levels: Feb 2015 - 2016 Image Credit: NASA/OCO-2Animation: S. LindsayCarbon Dioxide (CO2) Levels ModelImage Credit: NASA/GSFCLink to model movie on YouTubeCourse Announcements•Thanksgiving Week planningNo classes Wednesday, 23 Nov.Upcoming Schedule•Quiz 4: Monday, 24 October–Lots of hints today (A bigly number of them) •Exam 2: Friday, 28 October–Chapters 5, 6, 7, Dr. Lindsay’s Custom Material, parts of Ch. 8.–Study session next week (hope for Wed. or Thursday)–MA study guide, “Must Knows”, and Chapter slides coming as soon as I get them prepared for youAssignmentsReading Assignments•Chapter 8: 8.1 – 8.4[Read by Monday, 24 Oct.]Parallel Lectures•CC Astronomy – Episode 8: The Tides(Watch before Monday, 24 Oct.)Mastering Astronomy•Chapter 7 Homework[Due Monday, 21 October at 11:59 PM EDT]Will assign a shortened Ch. 8 homework before Exam so you can engage in the materialQuiz 4 Hints•Know that the dynamo effect is the preferred idea for how planets generate magnetic fields.–What two factors are important? [in many lectures’ slides]•Know that planetary migration of the early gas giant planets was responsible for clearing out the leftover solid debris (planetesimals and other protoplanets) in the solar system–Evidenced by the Late Heavy Bombardment•What is planetary differentiation? What provided enough heat to melt the planets?•Be able to identify the correct composition for Earth’s current atmosphere.Chapters 6, 7, & Custom MaterialQuiz 4 Hints1. Most carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus (Carbon-12). An atom with 6 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus is what is still carbon, but it is a different __________ of carbon.A) Proton B) ElementC) MoleculeD) Isotope E) Anti-matter2. This scientist is famous for coining the term radioactivity and performing the pioneering research in that field.A) Albert Einstein B) Nikolai TeslaC) Rosalind Franklin D) Isaac NewtonE) Marie CurieExample QuestionsBack to Comparative PlanetologyUsing planetary properties to make inferencesQ1: Which of the planets do we expect to have a magnetic field?N NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarDoes it have a Magnetic Field?Using planetary properties to make inferencesCheck for (1) BIG enough (near Earth-sized or larger) to still have molten core & (2) ROTATING FAST enough (in general less than 25 days) to generate the dynamo effect.N NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarUsing planetary properties to make inferencesQ1: Which of the planets do we expect to have a magnetic field?A: BLT. Large enough to still have molten core, and fast enough rotation.N NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarDoes it have a Magnetic Field?Does it have an Atmosphere?Using planetary properties to make inferencesQ2: Based on their temperatures? Which of the planets do we expect to have an atmosphere?N NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarUsing planetary properties to make inferencesThe Real Temp. will be larger than the Expected Temp. (for it’s distance from the Sun) if the planet is experiencing the greenhouse effect. That is, it has an atmosphere that contains greenhouse gasesN NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarDoes it have an Atmosphere?Using planetary properties to make inferencesQ2: Based on their temperatures? Which of the planets do we expect to have an atmosphere?Answer: Chicken Salad. Real Temperature > Expected Temperature indicating the presence of greenhouse gases in an atmosphere.N NNPlanet BLTMass = 1.0 Earth MassesRotational Period: 22.3 hrsExpected Temp. 410 KReal Temp: 410 KPlanet ReubenMass = 0.2 Earth MassesRotational Period: 26.2 hrsExpected Temp. 320 KReal Temp: 320 KPlanet Chicken SaldMass = 2.5 Earth MassesRotational Period: 97 daysExpected Temp. 260 KReal Temp: 305 KBLT Reuben Chicken SaladThe Sandwich StarDoes it have an Atmosphere?Greenhouse Effect•When these molecules absorb the IR radiation, they re-emit it in all directions•50% goes up, 50% goes back down to be reabsorbed by Earth’s surface (more energy in)Balance
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