Introduction to Computer Engineering CS ECE 252 Spring 2008 Prof David A Wood Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin Madison Notes adapted from Mark D Hill s notes Computer as a tool Hammer Arguably the most useful tool in human history Pounds pries and useful as weapon Computer Arguably supplanting the hammer as most useful tool Computers Engineers and scientists of all disciplines rely on computers for many aspects of their work Not just word processing spreadsheets CAD etc Computational methods data mining analysis synthesis are fundamental to advances in many fields Many of the advanced techniques used in today s microprocessors were invented right here at UW Some of the most renowned computer design researchers in the world are on our faculty There is a near 100 likelihood that a Wisconsin graduate helped design the computer or processor that you own Technology Technology advances at astounding rate 19th century attempts to build mechanical computers Early 20th century mechanical counting systems cash registers etc Mid 20th century vacuum tubes as switches Since transistors integrated circuits 1965 Moore s law Gordon Moore Predicted doubling of capacity every 18 months Has held and will continue to hold Drives functionality performance cost Exponential improvement for 40 years Some History Date Event Comments 1947 1st transistor Bell Labs 1958 1st IC Jack Kilby MSEE 50 TI Winner of 2000 Nobel prize 1971 1st microprocessor Intel calculator market 1974 Intel 4004 2300 transistors 1978 Intel 8086 29K transistors 1989 Intel 80486 1M transistors 1995 Intel Pentium Pro 5 5M transistors 2006 Intel Montecito 1 7B transistors Applications Corollary to Moore s Law Cost halves every two years In a decade you can buy a computer for less than its sales tax today Jim Gray Computers cost effective for National security weapons design Enterprise computing banking Amazon com Web Search Google Yahoo Departmental computing computer aided design Personal computer word processing email web Pervasive computing iPhone Countless industries revolutionized Place on Desk 7MB Disk Pack 6 Disk IPod 30GB 30GB 7MB 4 000x 32KB PDP 11 memory board 512MB DIMM Computer useful then 10 000x better 16 base 60 growth Year Salary Comments 0 16 Base 3 64 Still live at home 15 16K Buy car 24 100K Buy house 36 300M Need fundamentally new ways to spend money Performance Growth Unmatched by any other industry John Crawford Intel Doubling every 18 months 1982 1996 800x Cars travel at 44 000 mph and get 16 000 mpg Air travel LA to NY in 22 seconds MACH 800 Wheat yield 80 000 bushels per acre Doubling every 24 months 1971 1996 9 000x Cars travel at 600 000 mph get 150 000 mpg Air travel LA to NY in 2 seconds MACH 9 000 Wheat yield 900 000 bushels per acre Place On Desk IPod Laptop Treo Etc All Computers Software Hardware separation key This Course This course will Help you understand the significance and pervasiveness of computers in today s society and economy Teach you how computers really operate and how they are designed Introduce you to concepts that students in the Computer Sciences and Computer Engineering degree program learn in depth over four years Prepare and motivate you for study in this degree program Will count towards GCR introduction to engineering requirement Course Outline Prerequisite none Major topics in course Introduction to computers and computing Information representation and manipulation Logic elements and combinational Logic Sequential Logic and Memory Simple computer organization design and operation Machine language and instruction set architecture Assembly language Programming constructs Abstraction and Complexity Abstraction helps us manage complexity Complex interfaces Specify what to do Hide details of how Goal Use abstractions yet still understand details Scope of this course Application Program CS302 Operating System Compiler CS537 CS536 Machine Language ISA CS ECE354 Computer Architecture CS ECE552 Digital Design CS ECE352 Electronic circuits ECE340 Go Over Web Page http www cs wisc edu david courses cs252 Spring2008 Instructor TAs Textbook Lecture Notes Schedule LC 3 Simulator Grading Exams Homework Advice Textbook read BEFORE corresponding lecture Lecture attend book does NOT have all the material Homework best completed in study groups Will reinforce in class coverage Will help you prepare for midterm exams Study Groups Groups of 2 3 Should meet weekly learn from each other Review material discuss homework assignments Each student should submit his her own homework Computer As a Tool Many computers today are embedded Fixed functionality Appliance like Not really programmable by end user Not the focus of this course Instead programmable computers Learn to think of computer as a tool Program Algorithm or set of steps that computer follows Human brains wired to work this way